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Armed Conflicts

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This paper will consider the consequences of warfare on vulnerable groups in the light of the international humanitarian law. It is a study that asks the question what are the effects of armed conflicts on human rights? This observation reviews the violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law during wars and armed conflicts over the previous and recent years and through several cases. The Battle of Solferino was the direct cause to establish the international humanitarian law. Moreover, armed conflicts continue to be a fundamental source in developing the principles for the confirmation affecting this law. In this paper, I argue that whether at the international level or the domestic level, the facts proved that contemporary …show more content…

Previously, there were no international agreements that prevent violence against women. Notwithstanding the enormous collection of universal documents on international human rights and humanitarian law, even international conventions on women's rights has left a vast void in this section. In this context, the Fourth Geneva Convention, and the First Protocol provided a set of articles that emphasized the need to protect women from sexual violence during armed conflict. However, the First Protocol did not come with anything new, as the protection provided is the same as set in the Fourth Convention. The ICRC and the 32nd International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent have repeatedly stressed that the situation of women in armed conflicts puts the international humanitarian law under extraordinary challenges. In 1993 it was observed that the final declaration of the International Conference for the protection of victims of war - increasingly apparent in the number of acts of sexual violence, in particular against women and children - stressing at the same time that "these actions represent a grave violation of the international humanitarian law. " Given the serious and tragic effects suffered by victims of rape, the international community raised awareness of the importance of punishment for the crime of rape and sexual violence. International courts incorporated to prosecute war criminals in both Yugoslavia and Rwanda and claimed that rape is an act against humanity. Even the Statute of the International Criminal Court ratified by the Rome Conference (1998), includes a provision permitting the court to look at sexual violence crimes as violations of human

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I think the most important conflict in the novel, A Lesson Before Dying is person versus self (Grant versus self). Grant struggles with self-doubt, unsure if what he is doing within his community is truly making a difference. This uncertainty is evident when Grant questions himself in relation to his teaching at the local church, “What am I doing? Am I reaching them at all?... Is it just a vicious circle?

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Rules: With regard to international armed conflicts, the four Geneva Conventions (GC I to IV) and Additional Protocol I and II contain various provisions specifically dealing with both of Prisoners of War, Civilians protection to prevent any kind of violations that may happen toward them. The Forth Geneva convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War has set rules governing the issue of civilians who found themselves under enemy’s possession. Article 5 of the 4th GC has identified who are protected persons with putting conditions to be considered as protected with the privileges of having the statue of protected persons at article 27 of the same convention. Third Geneva Convention in particular has recognized group of rights with regarded to POWs such as the right to be humanely treated at article 13, correspondence at article 71, the right to gain a sufficient food in quantity and quality at article 26 and the right to not be subjected to torture and question at article 17 where every prisoner of war “when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or failing this, equivalent information” Moreover, the use of weapons and means that have indiscriminate effects such as poisonous gas and bombs which also would aggravate the suffering recognized as prohibited to use due to the amount of damage it causes upon civilians as well as the environment

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The Civil War began in 1861 and ended in 1865. Between the North and South, the Civil War determined what kind of nation the United States would be. The fight was mostly over the rights people should get. Things such as Slavery and Westward expansion really set it off. Slavery had divided the United States from the beginning.

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1372 Words | 6 Pages

After many years of pushing aside the unlawful subject of genocide, in 1948 the UN General assembly held an international convention on the prevention, and punishment against the crime of genocide; it was finally put to work in 1951. (Doc. B) Even though we knew genocide was happening in the past with the holocaust, it took us around four decades to go through creating an international criminal tribunal until 1994. (Doc. B) The main question leaves us in document B saying, “Why did it take so long, despite atrocities and mass killings in Cambodia, East Timor, and elsewhere?”

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Wallenberg institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at the Lund UNiversity in Sweden (Sources C

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International humanitarian law outlines acceptable methods of warfare, which are defined and constrained in the Geneva and Hague conventions. This contains provisions for the protection of combatants, non-combatants, civilians, prisoners of war and medical personnel in the battle

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1943 Words | 8 Pages

War crimes and crimes against humanity are among the most serious crimes in International Law. The definitions of a war crime comes under very specific definitions but are not always easily so defined, as war can be very hostile and unpredictable. War can appear as unjust and unwarranted, but in some circumstances, it is necessary. Just War theory is a concept that attempts to guide war into a more just path. The theory recognises that in times of war, traditional ethics are not applied but there should be ethical guidelines for war.

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The overall goal of genocidal rape is to inflict punishment on the male enemy by creating psychological and physical harm for women and girls (Sharlach 2000 as cited in Matusitz, 2017, p. 836). Consequently, war rape as genocidal rape redefines the sexually assaulted woman’s body as a “site of ethnic clashes” (Kirk & Taylor, 2006, p. 139) and reframes the targeted population as sub-human. In turn, the ethnic cleansing strategy represents “an enactment of ethnic superiority” (Mullins, 2009, p. 732). The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of genocidal rape.

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Professor Doris Buss in her article Rethinking “Rape as a Weapon of War” describes such an issue with the Rwandan War Tribunals reaction towards sexual violence, Buss in her texts states “The numbers tell the story. As of December 2008, the Tribunal has overseen the completed trials and guilty pleas of 48 men, only 15 of whom went to trial on charges including rape or sexual violence. Only five men in total have been found guilty of rape-related charges.” (Buss 2009,

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With a goal of reducing crimes of human rights abuses internationally, the creation of the International Criminal Court was being discussed during a conference in Rome in 1998. Amongst the discussion was the Rome Statute, which was issued along with the International Criminal Court in 2002. The reason for the creation of the International Criminal Court was to attempt to prevent countries political leaders from breaking international law. The group was focused on preventing crimes against humanity and genocide within nations whose leaders are committing these atrocities, and attempts to prosecute these criminals through court jurisdiction. Although the International Criminal Court has put in efforts to create justice amongst these nations and

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2654 Words | 11 Pages

Name - Zar Ni Htet Aung Sutdent ID – 1B 4095 Date – December 17th 2014 Justification of Humanitarian Intervention Introduction Today’s World, humanitarian intervention is the popular topic in international relations and the most controversial title among the scholars. Generally, we can define Humanitarian intervention as the state use military forces to against or punish another state, when the state has been termed as human rights violated state or major threat of other countries. Generally, the state government has many responsibilities such as to protect national security, to prevent from external shocks, and to protect the lives and the safety of their citizens.

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Much has been written about how post-civil war societies must confront the human rights violations committed during the conflict; however, very little scholarship has examined how human rights violations can lead to civil wars. In their article, “Do Human Rights Violations Cause Internal Conflict?” , Thoms and Ron provide an original and comprehensive analysis of the macro-level trends linking human rights violations in a country with the emergence and escalation of conflict. They use cross-national studies of conflict and individual case studies as part of their “human rights framework” to demonstrate this link. Through this, they argue that violations of civil and political rights are civil war triggers, while discrimination and violations of social and economic rights are underlying risk factors.

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After all, all these States seek to adopt the terms of the 1st Article of the Fourth Convention - “to respect and to ensure respect for the present Convention “. However, the following fact cannot be ignored or underestimated - that the States party to the Geneva Conventions hardly ever bear their duty when it comes to clarifying a situation and recognizing the validity of international humanitarian law. The International Court of Justice, the United Nations Security Council and the UN General Assembly have occasionally made statements on these subjects, but not in a regular manner. Problems of implementing the Fourth Geneva Convention - Case Study

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On the legal grounds, the act of humanitarian intervention is still debatable, On the one hand, there was a responsibility to limit the use of force to self-defense according to the UN Charter. On the other hand, there was strong international pressure to abide by commitments to human rights and the right to life. This has constitute tensions in an international law system, Humanitarian intervention as the justifiable act to intervene while it is contrary to the principle of sovereignty and nonintervention in the UN system and international law. An evolving international norms related to human rights and the use of force.

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International relations have used globalization to reach its goal: This assertion is backed by the view of Joseph (2000). They are of the views that since force, violent and threats thereof, areat core of this interplay, the struggle for power, whether, as an end or necessary means, is the distinguishing mark of politics amongst

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