James Joyce Research Paper

James Joyce, in full James Augustine Aloysius Joyce, born February 2, 1882, Dublin, Ireland and died January 13, 1941, Zürich, Switzerland, Irish novelist noted for his experimental use of language and exploration of new literary methods in such large works of fiction as Ulysses and Finnegans Wake. Joyce, the oldest of 10 children in his family to survive infancy, was sent at age six to Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit boarding school that has been described as “the Eton of Ireland.” But his father was not a very good man; he drank, neglected his affairs, and borrowed money from his office, and his family sank deeper and deeper into poverty. Joyce did not return to Clongowes in 1891; instead he stayed at home for the next two years and tried

In 1905 they moved to Trieste, where James’s brother Stanislaus joined them and where their children, George and Lucia, were born. In 1906–07, for eight months, he worked at a bank in Rome, disliking almost everything he saw. The early stories were meant, he said, “To show the social conformity from which Dublin suffered, but they are written with a vividness that arises from his success in making every word and every detail significant.” His studies in European literature had interested him in both the Symbolists and the realists of the second half of the 19th century. His work began to show a synthesis of these two rival movements. He decided that Stephen Hero lacked artistic control and form and rewrote it as “a work in five chapters” under a title, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

In 1909 he visited Ireland twice to try to publish Dubliners and set up a chain of Irish cinemas. Neither succeeded, and he was upset when a former friend told him that he had shared Nora’s affections in the summer of 1904. Another old friend proved this to be a lie. Joyce always felt that he had been betrayed, however, and the idea of betrayal runs through a lot of his later

The effect of these devices is often to add intensity and depth, as, for example, in the “Aeolus” chapter set in a newspaper office, with rhetoric as the theme. Joyce inserted into it hundreds of rhetorical figures and many references to winds—something “blows up” instead of happening, people “raise the wind” when they are getting money—and the reader becomes aware of an unusual liveliness in the very texture of the prose. The famous last chapter of the novel, in which we follow the stream of consciousness of Molly Bloom as she lies in bed, gains much of its effect from being written in eight huge unpunctuated