Jugaad Innovation: Annotated Bibliography

1) The first article we found is “Jugaad Innovation: the businesses getting creative in the face of scarcity” by Gardiner. The main topic of this article is frugal innovation, widespread in developing countries, and how western companies could benefit from it. It enables companies to cut costs and make affordable products. Frugal innovation is not only a way for western companies to reach emerging countries but also western markets as in times of recession, the demand for affordability grows in the western countries. By adopting frugal innovation, western companies would still sell quality products, and they would reinvent processes from design to distribution. (See Gardiner, 2013). We chose The Guardian as it is distinguished by its seriousness,

Distinctions by entry visa” by Jennifer Hunt used data from the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates and investigated if immigrants were likely to increase and boost US productivity and innovation. Using the data, the author created graphs with which she deducted that immigrants with temporary work visas or student visas outperform natives and that they are more likely to start successful companies. She also deducted that firms, universities and teaching hospitals are the most successful in attracting and selecting immigrants engaged in activities likely to increase US productivity and innovation. (See J Hunt, 2009)

This article is relevant to our research question as it shows us that immigrants with a temporary study or work visa tend to boost US productivity and innovation, by entering American firms, universities and teaching hospitals. It hence answers to our research question by reaffirming that yes, some skilled immigrants from emerging countries do stimulate US

(2014). Africa’s mobile boom powers innovation economy. Available at http://www.bbc.com/news/business-28061813 [Accessed 22 Sep. 2014]

Chellaraj, G., Maskus, K.E. and Mattoo, A. (2008). The Contribution of Skilled Immigration And International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation, Review of International Economics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp 444-462. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=744625 [Accessed Aug. 2008]

Hunt, J. and Gauthier-Loiselle, M. (2010). How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation?, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 31-56. Available at http://www.nber.org/papers/w14312.pdf [Accessed 27 Sep. 2014]

Hunt, J. (2009). Which immigrants are most innovative and entrepreneurial? Distinctions by entry visa, The Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 29 , No. 3 , pp 417-457. Available at http://www.nber.org/papers/w14920.pdf [Accessed 28 Sep. 2014]

Kerr, W.R. (2013). U.S. High-Skilled Immigration, Innovation, and entrepreneurship: empirical approaches and evidence. Available at http://www.nber.org/papers/w19377.pdf [Accessed 30 sep.