2.2.2 Learning Styles
Various methods to learning are related with the phases of the learning cycle. (Kolb,1984) observed the four stages of learning style which are concrete experience (CE), reflective observation (RO), abstract conceptualisation (AC), and active experimentation (AE). The model gave the basis of Kolb Learning Style Inventory which measures a learner’s favourite for certain phases of learning. Due these, it is possible to identify four learning styles, Converger (AC/AE), Diverger (CE/RO), Assimilator (AC/RO) and Accommodator (CE/AE).
Learning styles (Kolb, 1984).
• Divergent (CE/RO) implies solid in creative capacity and consciousness of implications and qualities. Furthermore, great at review circumstances from numerous
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• Deliberate visual learners will hone the composed word before notorious (pictorial) data.
Tactile/ Kinaesthetic • The material kinaesthetic learners recall best the learning substance by effectively physical engagement..
• Kinaesthetic learners have a tendency to have a decent retaining what they are experience, for example, collaboration with physical engagement, playing.
• The learners appreciate learning process by controlling and touching, for example, drawing, touch on touch screen applications, following and guiding, written work
Learning styles for students can play an important role in learning process. In addition, the use of formal learning style assessment can give useful information that benefits the learner as well as the instructors. As part of on-going development of the learning style by using concept map, further planning will be discovered on the effectiveness of learning style approach in and out of the classroom in terms of its impact on student learning within the domains of biology education in secondary school.
2.3 Knowledge
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• any examples in which two unlike matters are associated is a personal type of knowledge.
Inheritable Knowledge • is obtained from associated objects.
• it recommends an organization in which new things are created which may inherit all or a subset of attributes from existing objects.
Inferential Knowledge • is contingent from things through relatives among objects.
• e.g., a word alone is a modest syntax, then with the help of other words in expression the reader may conclude more from a word; this inference within linguistic is called semantics.
Declarative Knowledge • A statement where knowledge is quantified, but the use to which that knowledge is to be put is not given.
• e.g. laws, people's name; these are facts which can stand alone, not dependent on other