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Lab Report

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The lab performed was to test how different types of chemicals would affect rocks of similar sizes to measure the amount of mass lost due to weathering. The chemicals used for this experiment were solutions such as 50% vinegar, 10% vinegar, soda water, and regular tap water, which were used as a control. Using these samples, this experiment was conducted to showcase how different chemicals weather soil and minerals, along with how this weathering affects the topography of our environment. In order to understand the effects of chemical weathering in this experiment, it should be known that it occurs when a chemical substance such as acetic acid is introduced into an environment, causing the accelerated deterioration of soil and minerals found within the layers of the earth. …show more content…

This prediction was made because of the acidic properties of vinegar, which are called acetic acid, a highly acidic solution known for eating away at certain substances. Another assumption was that the soda water would show little to no weathering because of the pH indicated at the beginning of the experiment. This pH was an eight at the beginning of the experiment, which led to the assumption that it would have no effect because of the more essential qualities of the solution. Nonetheless, this experiment showed that the 50% vinegar solution had the most significant effect because the mass of the rock in this sample diminished by 0.6 grams. This rock sample went from a beginning mass of 11.2 grams to an ending mass of 10.6 grams, which indicates that chemical weathering occurred within this sample. This data then supports the prediction made at the start of the experiment, stating that a higher percentage of acetic acid or vinegar would have a significant role in the weathering of the rock sample

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The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.

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Procedures In this experiment, an unknown mixture was given, that contained both sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3) and sodium chloride(NaCl). The purpose of this experiment was to find the percent (%) composition of the sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride in the unknown mixture. Hydrochloric acid(HCl) and a scale were materials that were also used during the lab.

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The hypothesis of this lab was If there is three building materials (limestone, red sandstone, and granite) are soaked in vinegar for ten minutes, then granite will be the best material to use for the statue because it it the strongest of the materials. This hypothesis was proven true because even though granite nd red sandstone had the same change in pH level. It was observed that the red sandstone was changing the vinegar a tint of red, showing that the red sandstone was being broken down by the vinegar. The measurements of the control validate this experiment because if there was no control then there would be nothing to compare the data to in the end. Without the control data the data collected would be useless.

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The 50% vinegar caused a decrease in the mass of the rock by 1.9 grams. This result was expected as stated in the hypothesis. The distilled water did not cause a change in mass at all for the rock, making it the solution that caused the least amount of chemical weathering. The 10% vinegar did in fact cause less chemical weathering than the 50% vinegar, with a change in mass of 0.1 g. Although it was hypothesized that the soda water would cause less chemical weathering than both the 10% and 50% vinegar solutions, it actually caused the same change in mass as the 10% vinegar at a loss of 0.1

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Discussion In the Chemical Weathering Lab experiment, 4 different rocks were tested in 4 different substances, being 50% vinegar, 10% vinegar, soda, and distilled water. The mass of the rocks and the pH of the substances were both measured before the experiment began. The rocks were left for 5 weeks and the changes in mass and pH were observed. The reasoning for this experiment was to see how weathering would affect rocks, specifically chemical weathering.

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