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Liberalism Immanuel Kant Analysis

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Liberalism is a theory of international politics that the fundamental force in world politics is globalization. Globalization is interdependence between the interests of groups and different societies. Those group then go to their governance and ask them to regulate globalization in different ways. This leads to creation of world system that includes states with quite vary state preferences. Therefore, liberalism is a bottom up theory where globalization drives different preferences of states.

Even though “none of the abstract concepts comes closer to fulfilled utopia than that of eternal peace”(citace), this manifesto contains the seed of core liberal idea, in particular the belief that reason could deliver freedom and justice in international …show more content…

Although he grew into outwardly mild tempted professional man, inwardly he possessed an independent spirit. () Even a single phrase proves his attitude of independence. Once, he described freedom as ‘the only one innate right of a man insofar as it can coexist with the freedom of every other in accordance with a universal law.’ () Under the influence of Kant’s publications, critical philosophy became the dominant philosophical orientation in Germany and throughout the years, his thoughts also expanded to France and England. It was a body of ideas, which nobody who came after could ignore and what is more, Kant had the power to shape even the thoughts of his opponents such as Nietzsche and Schopenhauer. This physically small man was simply one of the most important liberal authors of a decade and as Hegel states `each great philosopher is its own age comprehended in thoughts.` Well, Immanuel Kant is the great example of this as his thoughts always aroused from .. (world, situation around)

Immanuel Kant had started to apply his mind to analyze peace many years earlier before his tract The Perpetual Peace was published. It is important to mention that this paper had a significant influence on founders of League of Nations, which was later on replaced by the United Nations. For instance, American president Woodrow Wilson had Kant’s essay on his bedside table. (Leon Brunschvicg, The European

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The extreme collectivist community potrayed shows the polar opposite of egoism. Equality immediately gets set appart by his intellectual abilities leading to his substantial discoveries. Evidently his ideas are rejected and he’s shunned for his intelligence and creativity. Nevertheless, this is for the better, for it is then that he perhaps has his greatest thought: “To be free a man must be free of his brothers. That is freedom.

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Can peace lead to war Peace what does it mean? Some people say it means a war is over. But during World War 1 peace meant a different meaning. Some people ask what did president

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He thought people should look for real freedom within themselves and contemplate with nature. Page 330

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During the late 17th and 18th centuries, Europe was going through a cultural and intellectual change and movement, known as the Enlightenment. During this time, writers, philosophers, and politicians heavily defended newer and modern ways of thinking. These ideas and people would eventually set the standards for today’s world and way of thought. The writers, philosophers, and politicians of this age went above and beyond to champion modern ways of thinking.

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When trying to define a word such as Liberalism it seems difficult to find a solid definition. There are different forms of liberalism and different meanings depending on the time period it is being applied to (idea taken from Phil Badger author from philosophynow). To solve this ambiguity, I’ve decided to define liberalism based on the time period in which I will be conducting my research. Liberalism in the 1700s was the belief of freedom and equals rights generally associated with the enlightenment thinkers, John Locke and Montesquieu (as defined by wikipedia.org). Liberalism didn’t start in the 1700s.

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The Pitfalls of Liberalism was a document by Stokely Carmichael who is known as one of the most recognized exponents of the “Black Power.” Movement. Stokely Carmichaels main argument in this document is that the efforts of Dr. Martin Luther King along with other civil rights activists had reached an endpoint since the use of “Widespread resistance within America” (238) was in effect. Throughout the semester, we have never seen a document where a leaders only solution to advance is by “calling for the mobilization of organized violence by African-Americans in order to seize political power” (238). The concept of calling upon one single race to take action is new.

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The movie “Independence Day” gives a lot of insight on how the decisions are made by the elite policy maker aka “the government officials”. These officials are influenced by many reasons for the actions they take. Some are making decisions based on their liberal ideals while others follow different ideals such as realist ideals. The clash between two different ideals in the movie showed the effectiveness of each of them. Liberal ideals are a form of an identity and they are really hard to be implemented on.

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This is one of the main significant turning points in social and cultural development as this is most of his famous philosophies. People really like it when they hear these types of ideas because to them it shows that some philosopher is concerned about their rights and those people keep supporting that philosopher until their ideas have been made

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From these, liberal ideals are portrayed to have two main strands with one founded on liberal nationalism while the other on liberal internationalism (Reitan 43). The rational foreign policy approach that that elite policy-makers can consider when confronted with an international hurdle would be similar to the approach adopted in the film. By first securing themselves, the focus is first given to the maintenance of the national sovereignty and the security of liberal institutions at home. In that case, foreign policy should begin with liberal nationalism. Such was evident in the movie as the United States began by securing itself (Reitan 43).

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Liberalism affected much of Europe during the Eighteenth Century. It started with the French wanting to get property rights and the lower class people wanting the right to vote, and it eventually conformed with nationalism and wanting to combine countries based on the language people spoke. Britain even had their share of Liberalism, and it especially heated up during the time of Gladstone and Disraeli. Liberalism did not always win, but it changed the political and economic atmosphere all throughout Europe.

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This restriction of freedom allows humans to become lazy and immature which prevents them from becoming Enlightened. Kant argues that once people embrace laziness and immaturity, it becomes difficult to think by one’s self. He believes in the use of two types of reason, the public and private use of reason. He claims that the public use of reason alone can bring mankind into Enlightenment because it is this reasoning that allows groups of people with similar thoughts and criticisms to take a stance on a specific issue and bring it to the attention of the king.

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CANDIDE AND ENLIGHTENMENT In this essay, I will read Candide in the light of Enlightenment philosophy and also with reference to Kant's answer to the question “What is Enlightenment?” Although Candide (1759) and the short essay by Kant “What is Enlightenment?” were written during different decades of eighteenth century but both of them reflect the age of Enlightenment in their works. This essay is divided into two parts: Part I discusses about the age of the Enlightenment and Kant's essay on Enlightenment, Part II discusses Candide in the context of Part I where Voltaire’s views against optimism and his character Candide's journey towards the Enlightenment are discussed.

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The current work is meant to explain the differences and similarities between the most dominant theories in international relations, Realism and Liberalism, both theories have some similarities and differences but much more important and interesting is to discuss and explain what differs and makes similar both theories. Conflicts and wars, Similarities and differences between Realism and Liberalism: Both Liberalism and Realism believes that there is no world government that can prevent countries to go to war on one another. For both theories military power is important and both Realism and Liberalism can understand that countries can use military power to get what they need or want. Also, both theories are conscious that without military

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He said “the life of the instinctive man is shut up within the circle of his private interests. But, if our life is to be great and free, we must escape this prison. The main way of doing so is through knowledge, because all acquisition of knowledge is an enlargement of the Self. Through knowledge our mind becomes capable of that union with the universe which constitutes its highest good. Knowledge makes us citizens of the universe, and in this citizenship of the universe consist man’s true freedom, and his liberation from the thraldom of narrow hopes and fears.”

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Liberal Democracy is a democratic system of government in which individual rights and freedoms are officially recognized and protected, and the exercise of political power is limited by the rule of law. The word democracy is greek, the word “demos” means people and “kratos” means power. The idea of liberalism first began in the 1600’s with John Locke as he believed that the people should be allowed to remove the government currently ruling when they have misused their power for ulterior motives. Although the seed was planted in the 1600’s, liberal democracy only properly took form in the 1840’s in Canada. Australia and New Zealand followed not long after as they began to use the secret ballot system to elect political leaders.

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