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Lithium Chloride

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Lithium Chloride Causes Reduced Exploratory Behaviors in Rats Abstract In this pharmacological experiment, the affects of Lithium Chloride LiCl were studied using the Open Field Apparatus to assess for anxiety and fearful behaviors. The Sproang Dolleys were given an IP injection of LiCl then the total distance traveled was measured using the Open Field Apparatus. Other than the total lines crossed, no discernable affects were noted. The unequivocant data confirmed the initial hypothesis by proof in the results. Introduction LiCl is effectively used at treating the positive symptoms exhibited in humans with bipolar disorder . The investigation consisted of blind IP injections in Sproang Dolleys and then running them in the Open Field Apparatus. The Open Field Apparatus was placed over tiles and essentially is used to measure anxiety and …show more content…

In order to accurately determine the amount of dosage to be administered to each animal, the rats were all weighed one hour prior to the experiment. I ran a total of twelve groups in the Open Field Apparatus with each group running two rats each . The experimental rats were administered an IP injection using a 2% dosage of LiCl solution at 85 mgs/kg. Control groups were given a baseline injection of NaCl. The Open Field Apparatus was placed over 48 12x12 tiles in a dimly lit room . It was painted white and stood 3 feet tall to allow for discrete observations. We then recorded the total number of lines crossed, the number of times the rat entered the center tiles, and the total amount of time that the rat spent in the center tiles. Each rat ran for a total of ten minutes. After each rat completed its first trial, the apparatus was then wiped down with ethonal cleaner and paper towels to remove any unwanted pheromones or droppings the animals may have expelled. The next rat was then allowed to run its trial before moving on to the next

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The essay ‘’Bipolar Disorder: The Agony and the Ecstasy” written under the pseudonym Thomas Wheaton focus on the pleasant and the appalling sides of having bipolar disorder such as the medication, the different types of disorders there are, also how others treat people with bipolar disorder. To start off with some of the medications are Depakote, Zoloft, Xanax and Trazodone which a few must be taken daily or whenever needed. However, like every medicine there are side effects including but not limited to organ damage, heat-sensitive, dry mouth, also dizziness. Wheaton says he from his experience he must drink unpleasant amount of water just to avert serious side effects. To continue, the medicine help whoever take it feel stability is more

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In this experiment, Pill bugs were exposed to different environments within a closed space and observed to determine which environment they preferred. The four different environments tested consisted of flowers, dirt, grass, and an empty space. Ten pill bugs were placed within the shoe box and observed for a total of 15 minutes to determine what environment the bugs preferred. The independent variables were the different conditions in each section of the shoe box, while the dependent variable was the behavior the pill bugs displayed. Throughout the experiment, the control variable was the empty section of the shoe box.

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Some challenges in this experiment were getting the worm onto the slide, and recording data while conducting the

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The problem of medicine and how some individuals can benefit from it while others may not is one of the major issues covered in the documentary. This is a crucial subject since, for persons with bipolar illness, medication is frequently seen as the primary line of treatment. Several people who have tried various drugs with different effects are portrayed in the movie and are shown as all having very different relationships with their medication. Some stated that the medicine made them lose creativity and made life dull while others stated it only made them happier. This emphasizes the intricacy of the problem and the demand for customized therapies that take into consideration the unique symptoms and requirements of each patient.

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According to the documentary, Ride the Tiger: A Guide Through the Bipolar Brain, despite the staggering number of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder, there is limited information available on how it appears in the brain. The documentary explored the tentative location of the biological breakdowns within the brain, with hopes to prevent the genetic vulnerability from developing the disorder, and rewire the brain to a recovered state for those already diagnosed with the disorder. The documentary suggested that there is not one road map which will guide people back to mental health wellness, because one problem is not presented, and there is not one solution. This suggests that there needs to be continued investment made into scientific research, but also stressed the importance of harnessing

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Signs of symptoms of bipolar disorder a. Feeling hopeless, sad, or empty. b. Irritability c. Inability to experience pleasure d. Fatigue or loss of energy e. Physical and mental sluggishness f. Appetite or weight changes g. Sleep problems h. Concentration and memory problems i. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt 4. Treatments and Medications a. Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment. Since bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness, it’s important to continue treatment even when you’re feeling better.

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Specialists have progressed significantly in completely understanding diverse states of mind in bipolar issue and in making an exact determination. It wasn 't that long prior when bipolar issue was mistaken for different issue, for example, unipolar sorrow or with schizophrenia (a genuine dysfunctional behavior with side effects of muddled discourse, dreams, and mind flights). With the more prominent comprehension of mental issue today, specialists can recognize the signs and side effects of bipolar discouragement, hypomania, and madness, and most cases, treat the turmoil adequately and securely with bipolar medications. Most of us have turned out to be utilized to specific blood tests or other research facility measures to help our specialists make an exact conclusion. In any case, most lab tests or imaging tests are not helpful in diagnosing bipolar turmoil.

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Bipolar disorder is one of the oldest known mental illnesses. In early history, bipolar and other mental disorders was viewed with disgust, rather a testimony of ignorance, confusion and fear. People who had bipolar were to be believed to be possessed by a demonic figure, which resulted being restraint, bleeding to death or having electric eels applied to their skull as their treatment. These past actions were observed by a greek physician named Areteaus Cappadocia, he was responsible for the terms “melancholia” and “mania”, which is now known as manic and depressive. Cappadocia had spent most of his life researching on bipolar and other similar disorders such as depression.

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approved by the FDA are: lithium; Depakote; and Zyprexa. Antidepressants could also help in the case of bipolarity, but only when the mood is stabilized. If the anti-depressant is used before stabilizing the mood, the bipolar person would become a critical case. The use of these antidepressants might lead to an increase in the risk of mania and shift the individual with the disorder into rapid-cycling. Noting that rapid-cycling is when the pattern of distinct episodes, in the person with bipolarity, becomes more frequent.

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To achieve this sniffy was rewarded for behaviour that became progressively similar to the desired behaviour. This method of response shaping has been successful in a number of studies. For example, Midgley, Lea and Kirby, (1989) focused on shaping rats to drop ball bearing down a hole in the

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