Long-Term Memory
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They are called, Long term memory and Short term memory/working memory. With Long term memory, you are able to remember things from your past and past events as well as key terms that you may have learned in the past. An example of this in my life would be, remembering knowledge that I first learned in school and still being able to remember it, such as my multiplication table. The second one, Short term memory/working memory would be used when you are only remembering some information and using it for a short time frame. Working memory would be when you are using both short term and long term to do sudden actions.
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There are two types of long term memory declarative and procedural. Longterm declarative memory is stored in the hippocampus of the brain, any damage to this part of the brain would cause one the inability to form new memories. Procedure memories are stored in the cerebellum (Parts of Brain 2015) . Working memory and the ability to retrieve information is in the prefrontal cortex. Also in the prefrontal lobe, different parts than the working memory, is the semantic and episodic memory.
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Long-term memory divided into two types which are implicit and explicit. Implicit is an unconscious memory and explicit is the conscious recollection of events. Short-term memory is stored small amount of information for a brief duration.
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Declarative (explicit) memory is the memory of facts/events that can be consciously recalled. When it comes to these memories, the hippocampus is critical for memory formation. Additionally, the hippocampus plays a vital role in short-term memory which is necessary for long-term memory to be established. On the other hand, non-declarative (implicit) memory is the memory of skills and how to do things. One case that shows we know that the hippocampus is not necessary to form new non-declarative (implicit) memory is Henry Molaison who appeared to have anterograde amnesia.
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The semantic memory refers to a portion of long term memory that processes thoughts and ideas that are not drawn from individual experience. The semantic memory incorporates things that are regular information, for example, the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of nations and other fundamental certainties procured over a lifetime. For example knowing that Washington, D.C., is the U.S. capital and Washington is a state. The Semantic memory is the recollection of facts gathered from our younger ages. This would be unquestionable information that would not be associated with emotion or personal experience.
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Each person's memories are unique to each individual. There are specific regions in the brain that hold memories: the hippocampus, the neocortex, and the amygdala. These areas of the brain are responsible for the storage and retrieval of memory. Many psychologists used the terms “hardware” and “software” to describe the brain's memory system. Long-term memory includes memories of personal life events, facts, and information.
Multistore Model Of Memory Analysis
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How reliable are the two models or theories of the cognitive process of memory, “|…|the process of maintaining information over time” (Matlin, 2005) , known as the multistore model (MSM) and the levels of processing model (LOP)? Both of these models have been widely criticized, but simultaneously they have improved our knowledge and understanding of how the process of memory works. In this essay both of these models of memory will be evaluated by presenting the strengths and limitations of each. The first model, the multistore model, was put forward by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) which suggests that the concept of memory involves three stores; the sensory stores, the short-term store (STS), and the long-term store (LTS).
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If information stored in the short-term memory is not learned and given attention, it will decay over time (Schunk 2012, p. 183). The short-term memory has a small capacity, and large amounts of information cannot all be stored (Schunk 2012, p. 183). To make it esier, information can be shortened or broken up to fit it in the short-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). Information that is used will be transferred into the long-term store/ long-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). There are different strategies to strengthen the memory of information from short-term to long-term.
Long Term Memory
400 Words | 2 Pages
Memory is viewed as the function of the brain that allows us to store information, refer to past experiences and retrieve information of all kinds. Long term memory holds a variety of different long-term knowledge and allows us to retrieve that information as needed. The 3 types of long term memory are sematic, episodic and procedural which are placed into two major categories, non-declarative and declarative, which help distinguish how we remember. Non-declarative is the type of memory that isn’t comprehended very well because it was learned so long ago but can still be associated with our everyday lives, for example, most of society drives a car every day without even having to think about it, a skill that may have previously required effort
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As information is processed in the brain it is needed to be stored in either in long term memory (LTM) or short term memory (STM). Long term memory is storing information for retrieval at any time over a long period of time. Short term memory is storage for a short period of time with limited capacity. The way we store information affects the way we retrieve the amount and kind of information that is held. A process that allows for more storage in the STM is called chunking, the process of putting single information together that is similar into bigger recognizable pieces.
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Introduction According to information processing model, short term memory has a limited capacity to hold information (Atkinson & Shriffin, 1968). The span of short term memory is said to be limited to about seven items (+2) (Miller, 1956 as cited in Terry, 2000). Short-term memory is also an active memory where we do our active memory processing (Lefrancois, 2000). For this reason, several researches have called the short term memory the working memory store (Gordon, 1989).
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It involves conscious effort to recall and can be either be episodic or semantic. The other is procedural memory. It is usually the natural response to the surroundings, such as how to ride a bicycle or play the instrument. This type of long term memory can be remembered without consciously think about it.
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