Luther and Calvin had faith in the power of words and sought accurate biblical texts and they rely on humanist scholars. Protestantism freed the state from answering to religion. Luther first intention was not to over through the Catholic Church it was merely his own search to resolve his personal spiritual crisis
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Even as a monk, Luther felt weighed down by sin, unhappy with doing works as a means to salvation. He increasingly turned to the Bible, especially passages on grace and faith. The concept of salvation by faith alone satisfied Luther’s spiritual quest.
Calvin (1509–1564) was a French scholar and theologian as a young student in Paris; he was impressed by Luther’s ideas. Like Luther, he came from a family of recently acquired substance. Calvin was trained in
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Jesuits became the backbone of the Catholic or Counter Reformation. By the 1540s, the Counter Reformation was under way. There were some gentle efforts to reform from within and others aggressive toward Protestants. The Inquisition expanded its activities, though Protestants also had executed people as well. The Catholic Church had the tool of censorship, banning dangerous books. These books included not only Protestant books but also reforming Catholic works. The Index of Prohibited Books was not eradicated until 1966.
The Counter Reformation policies brought thousands of people back to the church. In 1545, the council of Trent met to reform the church. Trent strengthened it and provided doctrinal clarity on issues of faith and works. The purpose of the decree was to give church a clear voice among Protestant voices. All of the negotiations with Protestantism were rejected and this caused the final split of the Christians.
12. Describe the ways in which the Reformation contributed to the further breakup of the medieval world and the coming of the modern