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Marla's Case Study Target Behavior

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Target behavior in Marla’s case The target behavior is Marla’s case is an extreme fear of social situations which hinders her from engaging in social situations. Describe how respondent conditioning and operant conditioning are involved in the development of an anxiety problem or fear. According to Matthew D. Jacofsky, Psy.D., Melanie T. Santos, Psy.D., Sony Khemlani-Patel, Ph.D. & Fugen Neziroglu, Ph.D. of the Bio Behavioral Institute, edited by C.E. Zupanick, Psy.D. and Mark Dombeck, Ph.D. B.F. Skinner made the discovery of operant conditioning which paved way for the assessment of what influenced behavior through analyzing the classical conditioning and what acts followed as a result. Skinner assumed that human behavior could be explained …show more content…

Determine whether Jon’s target behavior is a behavior excess or behavior deficit. Think of the risks of not intervening in Jon’s case and respond to the following: Jon’s behavior is considered a behavioral excess problem as it occurs too often. Sadly however, instances of inactivity can be too much in a day for a child of his age thus meaning if inactivity is the problem then Jon is facing a challenge at his age. What are the short-term risks to Jon (in the next 3 months)? In the short term, Jon can begin to use the hair pulling as an excuse to keep to his own self, whether he is angry, sad or otherwise. For a six-year-old, it becomes a habit they take in too quickly and adapt to it and thus if left unmonitored carries on for a long period of time and becomes detrimental in the long-term. What are the long-term risks to Jon (in the next 6–12 …show more content…

The awareness training creates awareness and improves on self- control whereby Jon will be taught how to curtail the urge to pull out hair (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). Awareness training can be achieved through having Jon look at himself in the mirror and making a detailed description of himself before during and after he engages in the act of hair pulling. In this way Jon will be aware of what he does enough to see the implications of it (Friman, 2010). In the creation of awareness, the therapist makes the problem aware to his/her client each time they feel the urge to pull out hair and actually proceed to do so (Gupta, & Gargi,

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Opening Skinners Box In Lauren Slater book “Opening Skinner’s Box” her main argument is about who Skinner was and what he did. Some might ask why do we need to know about Skinner if we have never heard of someone with that name? Basically why was he important or what he did was important? Slater mentions that skinner had a daughter was he using her to help him find out new experiments?

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1) What symptoms did Harry have, even in infancy, that would suggest he had problems? The symptoms Harry illustrated was self-abuse. However Some of the self-abusive behaviors that Harry revealed was skin picking until he bled, hitting himself, biting, and smashing his face and nose with his fist or his knees. In Harrys infancy stage his mother had to place mailing tubes over his arms to prevent him from hitting his face with his fist. 2) What ethical concerns about the treatment of Harry might have been troubling to the IRB of the hospital in which he was being treated?

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Why do we hate? Why are we mean? These emotions are able to completely change how you think towards literally anything, and can even lead to other emotions like anger. Despite all of Hate and meanness can do, why do we continue to purposefully cause these emotions? Saki and Sarah Ellis short novels, “Interlopers” and “Gore” demonstrate how hate or meanness towards a person can influence your actions.

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443 Words | 2 Pages

Mr. Byrne is having trouble getting his students to listen. He is trying scolding as a punishment, but that is not working. By the end of this essay, Mr. Byrne will learn how use operant conditioning to get his seventh grade students to listen. Mr. Byrne can 't understand why scolding his seventh-grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them unrulier. Mr. Byrne 's can use operant conditioning techniques to reduce disruptive behaviors and increase cooperative behaviors.

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Through The Psychologist Eye In Lauren Slater’s book, “Opening Skinner’s Box,” we discover in the first three chapters the mysteries behind a few psychological experiments and the discoveries that three profound psychologists have made. Each chapter is about a different psychologist, the first is B.F. Skinner; a behaviorist who designed a process of learning in which behavior is controlled, he called this operant conditioning. Lauren Slater wanted people to know about his experiment, she read his books, talked to friends and family members to unearth the features behind this man. She found that he was a loving father, who could train animals to do unordinary things, like play the piano for an example, through the processes of operant conditioning,

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1385 Words | 6 Pages

Skinners experiment was based on operant conditioning, using the concept of discrimination learning, he carried out experiments on animals with the idea that their behaviour is predetermined by their environment and using a well controlled environment would allow him to in turn control their behaviours using a range of triggers. Using reinforcement and expectancy, the animal associates acting out certain behaviours with rewards. (Toates, F., 2010, pp. 165-167) After performing a number of experiments on rats using mazes, he subsequently designed the Skinner box.

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(2006) that it becomes vital for SLPs to understand their client and have knowledge of behavioural principles or else it will lead to bad behaviour and attitude. SLPs who neglect the clients’ verbal and non-verbal attempt to gain social attention and only response when the client start to tantrum will create assumption that inappropriate behaviour will lead to reinforcement while good attitude is useless. Hence, the frequency for maladaptive behaviour for sake of communication will keep inclining. If the inappropriate behaviour is blindly followed by some sort of punishment, it is believed that the declining of the improper attitude is only temporary. Besides, the punishment from the SLPs might turn out as reinforcement from the client’s point of view As a conclusion, operant conditioning is a method that can be associated with behaviourism theory.

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Identify the function of the target behavior: The function of Dexter’s behavior is to avoid doing individual work that is difficult for him. He also avoids the stress of the work. A4. Identify the consequences of the target

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Describe the role of situational and dispositional factors in explaining behavior The roles of situational and dispositional factors in explaining behavior could be explained using the attribution theory where attribution is the process of interpreting and explaining behavior and how people try to use these factors to do this . Situational factors refer to external influences such as who you surround yourself with, social norms, the situation and the weather while dispositional factors are about internal factors such as your personality, attitude and beliefs . In explaining behavior these factors can either be combined as one explanation or used separately to determine the cause of one’s actions.

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The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.

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231 Words | 1 Pages

In your post you mentioned the 13 concepts of behavioral-cognitive approach (Becvar & Becvar, 2013). The two approaches I am going to expound on is the shaping process and contingency contracting. In the shaping process it is described as a complex desired behavior (that is a behavior that is desired) and it’s divided into subparts. By these subparts reward and punishment is implemented until all the behaviors displayed makes a whole.

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Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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1918 Words | 8 Pages

Classical conditioning is a process of a previous stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does: as a result, the first neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response. Indirect (vicarious learning or information) learning process is associated with an indirect process, without an individual directly experiencing trauma themselves. For example, fear can be socially transmitted through observing other people responding fearfully to a particular stimulus or via negative information from others. An individual who hears of others experiencing an embarrassing social situation might eventually learn to avoid such situations despite the absence of the event. It is surprising that recent studies have shown that adults with social anxiety disorder report more experiences of childhood teasing than adults with either panic disorder or obsessive compulsive disorder.

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1155 Words | 5 Pages

For this paper, I chose to write about the Little Albert experiment The overall importance of this study was to discover if a human could be conditioned to develop a bias, fear, or generalized fear of an animal, object, or person based the stimuli placed around the involved person, animal or object. Watson & Rayner (1920) suggested that “in infancy the original emotional reaction patterns are few, consisting so far as observed of fear, rage and love, then there must be some simple method by means of which the range of stimuli which can call out these emotions and their compounds is greatly increased.” This means that before any conditioning occurs, the subject should have a pure response, but after minor and simple experimentation and conditioning,

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1404 Words | 6 Pages

Then, it was B.F. Skinner who made the concept became popular and well-known throughout the world and even pinned the name of operant conditioning to this concept That is why, he is called the Father of Operant Conditioning and his famous experiment, the Skinner Box. Operant conditioning determinants’ are reinforce, nature response and time interval between response and reinforcement. On the other hand, classical conditioning is a learning way that connects between two stimuli which produce natural response. It measures one stimulus that

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