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Marxism Chapter Summaries

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The strength of this book is based on the writer's capacity to draw an obvious conclusion regarding global relations, ideas, and history. They discuss three fundamental types of world legislative issues; World Imperial system, Feudal system, and anarchic international system. They particularly accentuate the anarchic international system. For example, the universal sovereign absence clarifies that the world is a self-help system dependent on every state to do what is best for themselves and additionally the community of states. They connect that idea with distinctive political philosophers, for example, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Marx. They additionally discuss constructivism which concentrates on thoughts and society and also understanding that security evolves. It is exceptionally brief and gives great elements on political ideology and philosophies. …show more content…

Realism is the dominant ideology for quite a while. Primary political thinkers are Thucydides, Hobbes, and Morgenthau, who concentrate on the state as the unitary and rational actors and its use of power and security. Liberalism is the predominant western ideology. Dominant political thinkers are Montesquieu, Kant, and Mill. They additionally centered around the state as the principle actor. They think no world government exists, yet there is world federation. Liberals note shared democratic values and enlightened self-interest which are both viewed as positive qualities of human instinct. Marxism focuses on economic structures inside the capitalist system. It takes a class distinction in light of who claims the method for generation and the workers who drive those means. Constructivism is an ideology that emphasizes the significance of thoughts and culture in shaping both the norms and discourse of world governmental

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Ida Tarbell: Making a Difference in the World From breaking the rules to mending them, Ida Tarbell has played a crucial role in making the world a better place for businesses, workers, and citizens. She always fought for what she believed in and wrote the truth about the world surrounding her. Ida would stop at nothing until she found the answers that she was looking for and wouldn’t let anyone get in her way. She was a fearless woman who didn’t let the rules of society hold her back. Ida was a great muckraker during the late 1870’s, and up until the beginning of World War II, in 1944.

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Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is based on a utopian society with unique social, psychological, political, and cultural features. The novel hinges on the idea of an all-powerful state that controls almost all aspects of life and makes citizens ignorant problems occurring in their society. Bernard Marx is an Alpha male who fails to fit in the structure created by the World Controllers of his society due to his inferior capabilities. His discontent in society leads him to hold unorthodox ideas about many aspects of life and shapes him as an individual. Through Bernard’s exposure to John the Savage and his heightened need for social acceptance, Bernard Marx is shaped from an admirable character who yearns for more out of life than given in his

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Liberal ideology is the driving force in current political matters and has shaped the United States prevailing Democratic and Conservative parties. Liberalism is defined most recently as a “political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.” While these key focuses do reflect American’s general understanding of liberalism today, it differs quite a bit from its classical origin. Being a liberal in The United States is different than being liberal in many other countries. Classical liberalism, also known as American Conservatism, is still the majorities understanding of the ideology today.

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Marxist Criticism, specifically the Hegelian Dialectic is applicable in Bambara’s short story, “The Lesson”. Social class is predominant at the time “The Lesson” was written and the story focuses on the main character, Sylvia’s perception of her own class, the struggles that it brings and what she is then introduced to by Miss Moore. The Hegelian Dialect can be applied to this story as the transformation ensues within Sylvia upon her enlightenment of the difference in social classes. What appeared to be anger, frustration and resentment within Sylvia, undergoes a conversion into an upheaval curiosity of a newfound “culture”. Does the enlightenment occurring within Sylvia, present a new synthesis of which she uses as a platform for change?

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Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World presents a dystopian society in which social classes are implemented to keep the society going. Huxley alludes to many of the ideas of Karl Marx throughout the novel. The ideologies of Karl Marx are group into one belief; Marxism. Marxism would be defined as the political, economic, and social principles advocated by Marx; especially: a theory and practice of socialism including the labor theory of value, dialectical materialism, the class struggle, and dictatorship of proletariat until the establishment of a classless society (Merriam-Webster 1). In the novel, certain areas of Marxism are alluded to such as; individualism and isolation, social classes and the Conflict Theory, spirituality vs. materialism, and

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Andre Abi Haidar PSPA 210 INTRODUCTION It is always difficult to write about and discuss Karl Marx, or more importantly the applications of Marx’s theories, due to the fact that he inspired and gave rise to many movements and revolutionaries, not all of which follow his theories to the point. Although Marx tends to be equated with Communism, it might not seem righteous to blame him for whatever shortcomings occurred when his theories were put to the test; Marx passed away well before the revolution in Russia, and he played no role in the emergence of the totalitarian regime at the time. When discussing Marx, however, Vladimir Lenin is one of the biggest highlights when it comes to studying the outcomes of Marx’s theories.

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The author uses Aureliano and his personality of being hungry for love which is revealed through his inner motives. In the novel, he had an affair with a girl named Pilar whom he uses to relieve his feelings from another girl. This shows how he uses his ‘id’ which reveals his inner desires. Marxist: Similarities: Novel 1: • In The Night Circus, the Marxist view would look at how the changes in the setting of the novel can affect its inhabitants. •

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Liberalism is thus an amalgamation of ideologies (idealism, internationalism and utopianism) that surfaced after the tumult of the late eighteenth century with the rise of a knowledgeable middle class who demanded political representation

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Nowadays, the Government has taken on more and more control, and not a lot of people have noticed it, maybe there really is a technique or there is some sort of mind control wherein they manipulate us in different aspects. Mind Control means subverting by the other means of control, psychologically, such as hypnosis, but in the book 1984 it’s somehow similar but there is something that makes it different, George Orwell wrote a lot about totalitarianism, According to Encyclopedia Britannica, totalitarianism is a form of government that theoretically permits no personal freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of personal life to the authorize the state, which is clearly shown in the book. In 1984 the people are slaves, force them to go to war, even though the don’t know what or who they are fighting for, hence the mind control, and if you disagree or not follow the government’s orders, you are embarrassed and exposed to everyone because of what you did, and afterwards you are taken to room 101 which is a torture chamber which was said during the climax of the story, where the Party

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Propaganda and Political Ideologies: Liberalism In the reading Part 3 Libertarianism, it describes how liberals work to create and preserve an open and tolerant society. In Europe, liberalism began as a response against two characteristics of medieval society; religious conformity and ascribed status. The transition from being told what to do by religion and state to thinking for yourself of what’s real and true was a period of enlightenment for individuals. Immanuel Kant states in his Freedom and Enlightenment essay that “It is no easy task for a lone individual to outgrow the immaturity which has become second nature for him.

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David Lovell Mrs. Fyke English 3 H 11 November 2017 Medical Field Essay The Medical field is a very promising field of work. There are many different niches in which people can find lifetime careers in this healthcare industry. Even though the medical field is a phenomenal place to find a job, the healthcare industry is loaded with flaws, especially from the perspective of the patients, because there are people who don’t have the resources to afford healthcare and suffer because of their underprivileged situation. People go on with their lives, unable to receive the medical attention they deserve because of their economic situation.

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4.0 An Explanation of Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Post-Structuralism. 4.1 Realism Realism or political realism prioritizes national interests and security concerns in addition to moral ideology and social reconstruction. The term is often associated with political power. The term is often associated with political power. Realism believes that the state is the main actor of the most important in determining the direction of a country.

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Marx and Engels wrote that capitalist globalization was completely eroding the foundations of the international system of states in the mid-1840s. Conflict and competition between nation-states had not yet over in their view but the main fault-lines in future looked certain to revolve around the two main social classes: the national bourgeoisie, which controlled different systems of government, and an increasingly cosmopolitan proletariat. Over revolutionary action, the international proletariat would insert the Enlightenment principles of liberty, equality and fraternity in an exclusively new world order which would free all human beings from exploitation and domination. Many traditional theorists of international relations have pointed to the failures of Marxism or historical materialism as an explanation of world history. Marxists had undervalued the vital importance of nationalism, the state and war, and the implication of the balance of power, international law and diplomacy for the structure of world politics.

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In International Relations, various theoretical perspectives are employed to provide a clear framework for the analysis of complex international relationships. One key concept that scholars have strived to fully analyze is “anarchy” and its significance within the International System. Anarchy, as defined by many IR scholars, is the lack of an overarching authority that helps govern the international system. (Class Notes, January 29). Its importance and power to dictate actions between states is often debated and various theories have been used to describe its significance.

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The current work is meant to explain the differences and similarities between the most dominant theories in international relations, Realism and Liberalism, both theories have some similarities and differences but much more important and interesting is to discuss and explain what differs and makes similar both theories. Conflicts and wars, Similarities and differences between Realism and Liberalism: Both Liberalism and Realism believes that there is no world government that can prevent countries to go to war on one another. For both theories military power is important and both Realism and Liberalism can understand that countries can use military power to get what they need or want. Also, both theories are conscious that without military

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