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Mental Foramen

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Mental foramen is one of the most important and studied foramen’s of the mandible. The mandibular foramen is an opening seen on the medial ( internal ) aspect of the mandible which leads into a funnel like mandibular canal,that opens at the mental foramen on the anterolateral surface of the mandible. The mandibular nerve passes through this canal, travels obliquely forward and takes a turn from the incisal region to reach the mental foramen and exit as inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. It is this inferior alveolar nerve that branches into the mental nerve which would provide sensory innervation the skin of the chin, the gingiva and mucosa in the region of anterior teeth, lower lip. It is of paramount importance that the surgeons know of …show more content…

There are various positions under which the location of the mental foramen can be classified such as :- at the apex of the first pemolar, between the apices of the first and the second premolar, at the apex of the second premolar, between the apices of the seconf premolar and first molar, on the mesial aspect of the first molar. A study was conducted amongst turkish population by Gungor. K et al to investigate the most common position of the mental foramen. The sample size consisted of three hundred and sixty one OPG’s and the result inferred was that the most common position of the mental foramen was between the first and the second premolar ( 71.5% ) . 90.4% of patients showed a symmetry with respect to the position on the left and right side of the mandible. Similarly a study was conducted amongst the saudi population by kamram Bokhari et al with a sample size of nine hundred OPG’s. the most common position concluded was between the two premolars on bot the sides ( 72% ) AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the positioning of the mental foramen most frequently seen within Indian population along the horizontal axis via panoramic radiographs. II. To analogize the positioning of the mental foramen on both the

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In the chapter “Epiphenominalism and Eliminativism", from Objects and Persons, Trenton Merricks present an argument against the existence of baseballs. His argument revolves around a scenario of a baseball hitting the window and causing it to shatter. According to him, the baseball did not cause the window to shatter, its atoms did, because they have the causal powers and the baseball does not (Merricks, p. 61). Merricks uses the Alexander's dictum “to be real is to have causal powers” (p. 65), to make his argument that since the baseball itself has no causal powers, there is no good reason to believe it exists (p. 73). In his paper, Merricks first explains the causal principle; then, he defends each premiss of his argument by responding to

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Introduction Cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, PNS. They relay motor and sensory data to the oral musculature and muscles of the pharynx and larynx. This information is pivotal for operating proper speech and swallowing mechanisms. Therefore, it is important that the speech-language pathologist be familiar with the name, distribution, and anatomy of all of the cranial nerves. It is also necessary to know the testing procedures involved with cranial nerves as well as signs of abnormal functioning in order to better serve clients.

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The facial nerve is the seventh paired cranial nerve. It is a mixed nerve. Its conveys the sensation of taste and is motor to all the skeletal muscles derived from the second pharyngeal arch. The nerve is secreto-motor to the lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Parts of facial nerve:

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