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Comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis
Comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis
Comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis
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Recommended: Comparing and contrasting mitosis and meiosis
The stages of Meiosis II are: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. Meiosis generates four haploid cells, which begins with the division of one diploid cell. Diploid means having two sets of chromosomes, and haploid means having half the number of genetic information as diploid (or one set). To begin, late interphase is the phase when the DNA in the diploid parent cell is replicated. Then, in prophase I, the chromatin condenses and the chromosomes become visible.
5. How do the processes of meiosis and fertilization produce genetic variety? During the meiosis stage of crossing over, the maternal and paternal homologous chromosome segments are being exchanged. During independent assortment, different genes independently separate from one another.
Dr. Colleen Winters – BIO 655 Vishall G. Kaistha TITLE: “Recombination-Directed DNA Repair Promote Homologous Stimulating Transcription of Genes That That Preserves Genomic Integrity by MEN1 Is a Melanoma Tumor Suppressor”.
During this experiment, mitochondria were isolated from 20.2 grams of cauliflower using extraction buffer, filtration through Miracloth, and centrifusion. Twelve samples containing various volumes of mitochondrial suspension, assay buffer, DCIP, sodium azide, and citric acid cycle intermediates were prepared to be read by a spectrophotometer. The inclusion of the dye DCIP allowed for the absorbance of the reactions between the mitochondrial suspension and the TCA cycle intermediates succinate, malonate, and oxalate to be measured, as DCIP turns from blue to colorless as the activity of succinate dehydrogenase increases. Experimental Findings Increasing the number of mitochondria in the reaction did increase the reduction of DCIP relative to the amount of mitochondrial suspension present.
The amount of water the plants need every day for their daily activities such as for growth and photosynthesis is small when compared to what is really lost because of transpiration. Plants have specialized pores called stomata which are in charge for allowing the passing of materials. The stomata pores are surrounded by cells called guard cells whose function is to expand and contract so that they can open and close the stomata. So for example when the plant is losing too much water the guard cells close to stop that.
In this certain experiment, although some thin layers were obtained for the preparation of the microscope slides, the nuclei and their chromosomes were too small for observation. Due to these issues, no phases of mitosis could be seen within the cells of the radish, thus causing the lack of data being
Introduction: This lab report outlines an experiment on the observation of mitosis in the cells of garlic root tips. Mitosis simply put is the division of a nucleus producing two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Miotic cell division consists of five stages: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. The purpose of this experimet was to identify and observe cells within each stage of mitosis using garlic root tip cells.
What we knew in last 100 years about chromosomes has completely changed now with this new discovery. We had thought the nucleus is made up of tightly wrapped proteins called histones which form chromosomes. “New research shows that not only the the chromosomes contain 25,000 or more genes it contains also a mysterious structure scientists have found a sheet-like structure that occupies the 47% of the chromosome” (BEC Crew). For the last century, we thought the cell nucleus was made of complex DNA and histone proteins. The reason we did not know much about the cell nucleus is because the chromosomes were only visible during cell division that is during meiosis and mitosis, where the chromosomes are tightly packed to form supercoiled like structures which were visible under a microscope.
Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to test for mitochondrial activity by isolating different organelles using the differential centrifugation process. Studying mitochondria is extremely important because they control the death and life of the cell by regulating the apoptotic signals (Frezza et al 2007). Also they are responsible for the metabolic reactions (aerobic respiration) and the production of ATP (Frezza et al 2007). Three hypotheses were formed based on my knowledge.
The female gamete is the egg
Interphase includes; G1, S, G2, and M phase. During G1, the cell grows and performs its specific function inside the body. In S, or synthesis phase, the DNA inside the cell nucleus is replicated preparing the cell for cell division. The cell then enters G2, a second growth phase, to continue to grow and prepare for cell division. The final phase of interphase is M or mitosis is where cytokinesis
Polyploidy is when an organism has more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes. The process of sympatric speciation begins when an offspring is born diploid, meaning it has twice the haploid number of chromosomes. For example, the common fruit fly ordinarily has eight chromosomes, whereas a diploid fruit fly has sixteen chromosomes. These organisms can then have offspring that are tetraploid and so on. It is impossible for organisms with different amount of chromosomes to mate with each other; a diploid organism cannot mate with a tetraploid organism, which creates reproductive isolation and in turn leads to evolution (Coyne 1).Isolation due to polyploidy is more common in plants than animals because plants can reproduce asexually while animals most often cannot.
Experiment 3: Cell Viability Testing and Counting with Trypan Blue Exclusion Method Anna Coretta R. Santos I. Introduction Cell viability assay plays a crucial role is in the cells of the cell culture. This assay can be used to identify the relationship of cell count from the cell’s behavior (Stoddart 2011). This test help researchers to determine the number of viable and non-viable cells in a cell culture. This assay helps in estimating the cell count of a cell culture and to determine if there is sufficient amount of viable cells in the cell culture that a person will use for future research (Riss et al. 2013).
Meiosis ( tow) will result in four sperms (gametes) that carry 23 chromosomes and they will be stored in the
Apomixis: - Here, mitosis is the process responsible for the formation of eggs; the female sex cell replicates via mitosis resulting in the formation of two diploid cells. These diploid cells thus formed have the full compliment of chromosomes which are required for development of an embryo. The offspring produced by this method are clones of the parent cell. It takes place in aphids, flowering plants etc. 2. Automixis: -
