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Montgomery Bus Boycott Research Paper

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Montgomery Bus Boycotts

African Americans refused to ride Montgomery city buses in protest of racial discrimination towards blacks; as state law constrained them to ‘coloured’ seating areas. The coloured sections were at the back half of buses unless the whites-only section became full and the blacks would be forced to give up their seat. Bus Boycotts in Montgomery, Alabama, took place over a span of just over a year beginning on December 5th, 1955 and ending on December 20th, 1956. Fed up with the Jim Crow laws African Americans got behind the boycotting which factored into the motivation for the cause of the bus boycotts. The non-violent protesting kicked off 4 days prior to the arrest of an African American woman, Rosa Parks which factored into the cause of the boycotts. Another factor that was caused was the organisation called the MIA (Montgomery improvement association) which organised the boycotts. An effect, which took place in the short term was the loss of income for bus services in Montgomery. With the ordeal affecting transport business this lead to the desegregation of buses, June 5th, 1956. The …show more content…

These laws were enforced by the state government and were particularly dominant in southern areas of America. Many of the laws restricted blacks, solely because of their skin colour, from using public facilities or applying for particular higher income jobs. African Americans were tired of being treated like second-class citizens with restricted rights towards using things like drinking fountains, cafes and allocated seating for black on buses; which was a cause towards the Montgomery bus boycotts. This feeling of being imprisoned by the laws caused the Montgomery boycotts because it Motivated the black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, to get behind and support the efforts towards

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In Montgomery there was a bus boycott that lasted thirteen months there. It was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. What lead up to the boycott starting was Rosa Parks being arrested. Nobody rode the buses but instead they walked even in the pouring rain, carpooled all over town and used taxis.

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The 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott was a success in bringing equality among the racial segregation within buses and bus stations. One day in 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for not moving when she was told to, which led to the call of boycotting against buses. Afterwards, African Americans gathered together and made a stance in refusing to ride buses as a protest against the unfair treatments they have endured on the buses (Document 2). Despite breaking black discriminating laws, they followed a nonviolent approach during their protest, which developed a progress toward equality. In addition, many blacks decided to avoid buses overall by finding different methods of transportation after the police started harassing the black taxi drivers.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful, because of all the dedication, and the influential power the African American community had over the movement. One major reason African Americans refuse to ride any public bus. Black citizens refused to ride the buses in the protest over the bus system’s policy of racial segregation. This was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955. Park refused to give up her bus seat to a white man.

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Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man on December 1st, 1955, resulted in the start of the boycott. Because of her refusal, she was arrested for disorderly conduct and for violating the Montgomery, Alabama segregation code. The Boycott started on December 5th, 1955, and lasted for 381 days (Wallenfeldt). On November 13th, 1956, the court ruled that segregation on a bus violated the Fourteenth Amendment. The Montgomery Bus Boycott ended on December 20,

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History, but is was longest. Prior to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Reverend T.J. Jemison lead a bus boycott in Baton Rouge, but it lasted only two weeks. In addition to the boycott in Baton Rouge, there were more bus boycotts, but they did not last long enough to make an impact. Many people had an impact on the movement before the Boycott 1955 such as Jackie Robinson, Emmett Till, and Harry Truman, who all either supported the Civil Rights Movement or were victimized by the harsh ways of racists. Also, leading up to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, many things sparked anger and frustration in African Americans such as widespread inequality, and extreme

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started with the Montgomery Bus Boycott on December 1, 1955, with Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat for a white man. This is a southern custom that blacks give their seats to white passengers towards the front of the bus and blacks either stand or move to the back. Rosa Parks was thrown in jail, so this required African Americans to take charge and begin The Montgomery Bus Boycott. This boycott lasted for over a year with blacks refusing to ride the city buses, which showed unity and determination among the black community. While the bus boycott was developing, Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a leader with many unique skills.

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The organization of the boycott organized routes and mapped out to get workers to all parts of the city. The masses organized themselves into a new association The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). MIA was pledged to protect, defend encourage, enlighten, and assist the members of the black community against unfair treatment. Simultaneously during the boycott, the Intestate Commerce Commission handed down a decision that segregation in interstate travel was unconstitutional and ordered the removal of discriminatory “Colored” and “White” signs. But then their was the announcement of the Geet-Tough policy

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If a white person came they could claim the seat and the black person would have to go to the back of the bus. This event led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott where African American would no longer ride the bus. This boycott lasted for 13 months. In 1956 the Supreme Court made it unconstitutional for segregation in buses supporting the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Some people in Montgomery did not like this, but Rosa wanted to show them that all people should be treated the same. (Barnes pg. 2-3) Joann Robinson and members of the women political counsel provided transportation for black residents throughout the year long boycott (source 6). Local car insurers stopped insuring cars that participated in the boycott’s carpools. Black churches across the country donated shoes to the boycotters

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Montgomery like the entire south had segregated buses. Not until Rosa Parks stood up for this injustice and refused to give up her seat. Rosa Parks was arrested for this since it wasn’t her first time she had done it. This led to a one day bus boycott. This boycott was a tremendous success and they were determined to continue this protest.

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However, these demands were denied and black taxi drivers were penalized for helping the boycotters. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) created a carpool service for black citizens and in retaliation the homes of E.D Nixon and Martin Luther King Jr were bombed. Martin was determined and he never stopped until justice was given and equality was achieved. On June 5 1996 the federal court came to the conclusion that bus segregation was unconstitutional, laws regarding segregated seatings on public busses were cancelled and on December 20 1996 King shut down the boycott. This was not enough for King he wanted to witness this

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After Rosa parks refused to give her seat to white passenger and was arrested. The black people decided to launch a boycott. It denoted all of African Americans walked instead of riding a bus. The boycotters hoped the bus companies would lose money and be forced to abandon their segregation policy. After a year bus boycott, a unit state’s District Court ruling in Browder V. Gayle banned racial segregation on all Montgomery public buses.

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