The Civil Rights Movement: Brown V. Board Of Education

The civil rights movement was a struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to the late 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of whites, including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial insight (West American Law pg1). Movements of the civil rights for black Americans have had a great significance over all. This movement has not only assured citizenship rights for blacks but have also redefined present concepts of the nature of civil rights and the act of government in protecting these rights (A&E Networks pg.2).

Jim Crow laws were established between 1874 and 1975 to separate blacks and whites. It was

Board of Education aimed at ending segregations in public schools. They wanted everything to be equal under one instead of everything being separate but equal, according to Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme court ruling. The fourteenth amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law (Martin, K). The Little Rock Nine, as they later came to be called, were the first black teenagers to attend all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. These remarkable young African-American students challenged segregation in the Deep South and won. Although Brown v. Board of Education outlawed segregation in schools, many school systems defied the law by intimidating and threatening black students—Central High School was a notorious example. But the Little Rock Nine were determined to attend the school and receive the same education offered to white students. Things grew unpleasant and foul right away after the Brown v. Board of Ed was established, no longer did the thirteenth amendment interpreted equality before the

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a big event in the civil right movement in the US. This event changed many laws to protect the equal rights of all people regardless of race. Before the bus boycott there was segregation between races mostly in the south. In public areas such as schools, restrooms, water fountains, and restaurants had separate areas for black people and white people. Also there were areas where black people could not sit and other areas where white people could not sit (source 5). So what really started the boycott? After Park’s arrest incident civil rights leaders and ministers got together to organize a day to boycott the buses. Which meant for a day no blacks would ride the bus Rosa saw the opportunity to do something when the Freedom Train arrived in Montgomery. The train was supposed to not be segregated according to the Supreme Court. So Rosa led a group of African-American students to the train to attend the exposition on the train at the same time as the white students. Some people in Montgomery did not like this, but Rosa wanted to show them that all people should be treated the same. (Barnes pg. 2-3) Joann Robinson and members of the women political counsel provided transportation for black residents throughout the year long boycott (source 6). Local car insurers stopped insuring cars that participated in the boycott’s carpools. Black churches across the country donated shoes to the boycotters