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Multisystem Risk In Adulthood

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Due to the fact that poor childhood environments lead to increased risk of disease and death in adults, the study “Childhood abuse, parental warmth, and adult multisystem biological risk in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study” studied how increased stress in childhood, caused by many factors, can affect the health of adults across the bodies many regulatory systems (Carroll et al., 2013). The study that was conducted compared reports of childhood abuse to a comprehensive 18-biomarker measure of multisystem risk; to determine childhood stress levels they used the Risky Families Questionnaire (Carroll et al., 2013). The study also compared whether the presence of a loving parental figure or not influenced risky health in adulthood (Carroll et al., 2013). …show more content…

The results they found concluded that there was a strong correlation between increased childhood stress and multisystem health risks in adulthood; in addition, having a loving and warm parental influence decreased the risk of multisystem health risks later in life (Carroll et al., 2013). All in all, participants who were abused as children and had no loving or warm parental influence were most at risk for disease and death in adulthood (Carroll et al., 2013). A limitation in this study was that it didn’t look at other psychosocial environment factors relating to the sources of abuse and warmth in childhood, so future studies done should look at factors within the psychosocial environment and see if they act as buffers for poor health in adults (Danese et al.,

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PSY 211 Research Design Worksheet Complete each section of this worksheet. You will use this worksheet to inform the Research Design section of your final project submission. Citation of Literature Parfitt, Y., Pike, A., & Ayers, S. (2014). Infant Developmental Outcomes: A Family Systems Perspective. Infant & Child Development, 23(4), 353-373. doi:10.1002/

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Childhood is ideally a time of happiness, and therefore, it is not too far-fetched to assume that children should be vibrant and happy individuals who should spend their time laughing, playing and learning as they grow up. However, while some children do get an opportunity to have happy and fulfilling lives, there are others who live their lives overwhelmed by feelings of anger, fear, resentment, and insecurity. These powerful emotions may stem from a number of things that are not directly in their control – including the financial or emotional conditions of their parents, their cultural and social circumstances, abuse by parents or peers and much more. This paper argues that childhood experiences have a deep and profound effect on children,

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It examines the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on later healthiness and mental well-being reflects the Victor-monster relationship in the modern era. The ACE score, a total sum of categories of abuse, is used to assess the cumulative stress on a child. The study reveals a “graded dose-response” relationship between an increased ACE score and negative health and well-being throughout one’s life (CDC). Because Victor insulted & humiliated, society assaulted and wounded, and the monster lived alone with no feelings of love and importance, he would have rated relatively high in this study (ACE). This is assuming society as a pseudo-parental entity, that teaches and influences in the absence of Victor.

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Much like incestual abuse, physical abuse has grossly negative effects on its victims. The article Child Abuse, Social Support, and Social Functioning in African African American Children states that “abused children experience higher rates of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms that often lead to mental disorders” (Lamis). Similar to incest victims, many physical abuse victims go unacknowledged and untreated, resulting in devastating

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It is said that children who are mistreated by their parents and learned aggressive behaviors through social interaction went on to express these behaviors later in life and in their intimate relationships (Ehrensaft, Cohen, Brown, Smailes, Chen & Johnson, 2003). There is no doubt that witnessing and experiencing violence firsthand can increase one’s tolerance for violence and puts one at a greater risk for exhibiting the same behaviors as an adult. The intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis also shows that childhood experiences from abuse or witnessing domestic

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Abuse is another thing that has been linked, to problems in a child 's development. The earlier abuse and neglect occur in a child 's life the more severe the impact. Furthermore, the stage of development, while the abuse occurs will influence the type and severity of the consequences. Additionally, the more chronic and long lasting the abuse and neglect, the more harmful it is. When the abuse and neglect are caused, by parents or another significant figure a child, becomes confused because their supposed source of safety is the source of their harm.(Frederico 343).

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Individuals within society are influenced by the socio-economic factors of the society which they inhabit. This essay will discuss Sociological imagination which was first mentioned by author C.W. Mills who wrote a book with the same title. The personal problem that will be discussed is childhood trauma, because it is broad this essay will focus more on depression and how it effects society on a larger scale. Lastly this essay will then show the advantages of using Social Imagination in our everyday life’s and how we can use it to the benefit of society on a wider scale. Social Imagination is the concept of being able to differentiate a personal problem from a problem that is affecting a wider society on a much larger scale.

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The short documentary “Child of Rage” presents an example of how experiencing abuse as a child can shape the child later in life and how some children can recover. The intrafamilial abuse that Beth experienced as a one year old affected her behavior later in her childhood when she was adopted. Beth was also able to recover from some of the effects of the child abuse she experienced once she was separated from her adoptive family and taken to a special home. Beth experienced intrafamilial abuse at the hands of her biological father after her mother passed away when she was one.

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In the article “ The Developmental Impact of Child Abuse on Adulthood: Implications for Counselors,” Adultspan Journal explains the multiple effects of child abuse. The authors April Sikes and Dancia Hays explain how child abuse has an extremely negative effect on children as they transition into adulthood. These effects can be physical, social, and even mental. Being treated badly as a child increases the risks in social development. Some examples of this are substance abuse, criminal behavior, violence, and risky sexual behavior.

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The first is whether abuse has deleterious effects. “In earlier studies, in which samples were nonrepresentative and family ecological factors (such as poverty, marital violence, and family instability) and child biological variables (such as early health problems and temperament) were ignored, findings have been ambiguous. Results from a prospective study of a representative sample of 309 children indicated that physical abuse is indeed a risk factor for later aggressive behavior even when the other ecological and biological factors are known. The second question concerns the processes by which antisocial development occurs in abused children. Abused children tended to acquire deviant patterns of processing social information, and these may mediate the development of aggressive behavior” (Dodge 1990).

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Adolescents who lack a secure attachment relationship with their caregivers are at a greater risk for dysregulation of affect when experiencing trauma and the developing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Insecurely attached children and adolescents do not seek comfort in their caregivers so when exposed to trauma, their coping abilities are significantly hindered. When not able to seek protection and comfort in their caregivers, insecurely attached youth are more likely to be overwhelmed by stress; coping alone with limited resources may cause hyperarousal or disassociation (Perry, 2001). Likewise, an adolescent with a secure attachment can act as a layer of defense against the potential adverse effects of trauma (Finkelhor & Browne, 1984). A secure attachment also provides a safe a nurturing environment that enables the adolescent to process the traumatic events and become more equipped to return to a sense of safety and wellbeing- at least the same level experiences prior to the traumatic experience.

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Each year in America alone, an estimate of two million children, ranging from infants to teenagers go through minor or major kinds of abuse which include neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment. According to the National American Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, neglect represented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse represented 22%, sexual abuse represented 8%, emotional maltreatment represented 4%, and other forms of maltreatment represented12%. It also indicates that child abuse is far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are

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Parental abuse can lead children to future domestic abuse, alcoholism, depression, unintended pregnancies, liver disease and more Bad parenting, although a vicious cycle, can be resolved. It takes forming healthy habits independently, seeking for more, and acting with purpose. If you aren’t ready to take on the responsibility of child care, don’t force

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For an example, if a person had an abusive relationship in the past, they would be more prone to stress and anxiety attacks.

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In addition, it says that typical causes of psychological problems in individuals are from trauma repressed in the unconscious or hidden unresolved issues experienced during early childhood development” (Guntrip,

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