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Neolithic Revolution Significance

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The Neolithic Revolution is one of the greatest lifestyle transformations to ever occur. For years, historians from the archeology, anthropology, and economy fields have discussed how and why the Neolithic time period came into existence. In particular, it is a phenomenon that has been the subject of interest since the first ancient DNA studies completed in the 1980s (Kaestle and Horsburgh 2002). The emergence of DNA studies allowed archeologists to study the past in ways that had never previously been done before. The extraction of DNA from more recent human remains gave way to the idea that the same could be done to ancient remains. The Neolithic Revolution is a part of ancient human history that many archeologists were curious about but …show more content…

It rose independently in at least seven different areas including southwest Asia, New Guinea, east Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, eastern United Sates, central Mexico, and South America. Different forms of agriculture and domestication were being practiced in these different areas depending on the geographic climate of the region. The Neolithic Revolution is also known as the Agricultural Revolution because of the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of agricultural and settlement. Agriculture and sedentism go hand-in-hand. An agricultural lifestyle requires the establishment of a new ecosystem, which also requires permanent settle in one place for extended periods of time. The Neolithic Revolution marked the beginning of sedentary life for humankind, and the practice of a settled lifestyle during the transition to agriculture ultimately led to the beginning of …show more content…

At the individual-level, aDNA allows archeologists to uniquely identify individuals by determining the sex of that individual by markers on the Y and X chromosomes and through comparisons of that individual’s DNA with that of their putative descendants (Kaestle & Horsburgh 2002). Genetic sex identification is important to archeologists because it allows for an in-depth analysis of a wide range of patterns by sex such as disease, diet, material possessions, and mortality rates. At the local-level, studies of mitochondrial DNA can sequence diversity in ancient groups (Kaestle & Horsburgh 2002). High levels of diversity in such analyses renders the possibility of distinguishing common inheritance and residence patterns and individuals that appear to be “atypical” can be identified as migrants. At a broader population-level, the events of prehistoric population movement, continuity, and replacement can be identified by aDNA studies (Kaestle & Horsburgh

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C: Slash and Burn Agriculture-A form of agriculture in which an area of forest is cleared by cutting and burning and is then planted, usually for several seasons, before being left to return to the forest. D: Neolithic Revolution- the origin and consequences the introduction of Agriculture, domestication of animals, and a more sedentary life during the later part of the Stone Age. E: Pastoralism-

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In Guns, Germs, and Steel James Diamond analyzed the causes and effects of the Neolithic Revolution. Causes of the Neolithic Revolution included crops and the domestication of animals. The Neolithic Revolution started when people began to plant their own crops. People built villages and then farmed the land around those villages. They farmed crops that were productive, like wheat.

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This was the theory that all humans were together in East Africa after the ice age instead of in different places across the earth. Then from that are something called cultural diffusion happened which is the spread of language, culture, food and traditions through trade, migration and warfare. Another theory of the Neolithic Revolution is Howells Theory.

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In 10,000 B.C. the agriculture revolution started with the Neolithic Period, people were able to stay in one place, and grow there own food. Instead of gathering and migrating with the animal 's, they were able to stay in one place and build settlement 's. These settlement 's turn into the ancient cities such as Egypt, Nubia, Babylon, Greece and Rome. Mesopotamia 's started inventing, one of the most important In my opinion is writing witch came from the Sumerians. They also watered there crops by irrigation, and made potters wheel. For deface forged weapons, also tools to make farming easier.

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Terms: • Neolithic Revolution • civilization Directions 1. Think of a creative or descriptive name for this time period. For example, you might call the period before the development of agriculture “Life Before Farming” or “Hunting to Survive.”

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The progression of civilization since the 900’s leaves archaeologists and historians with questions such as, why did societies decide to domesticate crops or why did society abandon the hunter gather lifestyle? There are many hypothesis for the origins of agriculture like the social hypothesis that claims the success of food production allowed individuals to create surplus which gave them the ability to trade for valuable goods. This surplus also provided individuals with power and the leaders could acquire a labor force that would help them gather and create more surplus. The hunter gather lifestyle had its advantages as well. Hunter gathers had a seasonal routine and did not have to rely on someone to provide them with food.

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The Mesoamerican cultures, with their heavy emphasis on crops as their food source, had primarily vegetarian diets (FAO). A similar phenomenon was observed in the Indus River Valley Civilization, as examinations of teeth found in human remains at the site revealed that the local people's diets involved more fruits and vegetables than meat, despite the variety of animals they domesticated there (BBC). In China, there is more evidence to suggest that hunting and gathering, in the form of fishing, hunting deer, and gathering acorns, was also important to supplement people's diets (Nair). Unlike the other two civilizations, evidence seems to suggest that heavier human labor with growing rice led to a much greater emphasis on meat in people's diets in ancient China (Bloom, Nair). No matter the difference between diets, the reliance on crops for all three civilizations proves the importance of the Neolithic Revolution for them.

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Eastern Woodland and pacific coast humans were known to have settled out in rich, fertile, areas with enough resources to sustain them. However, the creation of agriculture allowed people to settle in the south as well. The Anaszic culture built settlements in cliffsides and through agriculture and water conservation were able to live in carved and pueblo built homes. Through agriculture humans were able to plant their first crops, corn, in mass. With the new found knowledge of agriculture and irrigation technology it allowed for development of societal hierarchy also known as a Chiefdom.

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Civilizations such as the Chinese and many others in Asia, South America, and other continents may have never grown and flourished the same way they did with the innovation of terrace farming. Therefore, the

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Ever since the emergence of mankind, humans have always prioritized their search for food and water. Even today the need for sustenance is still prominent; however, methods for producing it have evolved over time. The Paleolithic people went about scavenging, hunting, fishing, and gathering on their quest for food. The Neolithic Revolution marked a transition from such practices into the “cultivations of crops and the domestication of animals.” (Strayer, pg.12) Even after thousands of years, although techniques have changed, the basic concept of agricultural cultivation has still remained similar.

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Individuals or groups of people have always had one thing in mind and that is surviving. Surviving means able to expand themselves without losing their traditional social structure and trying to fit in a larger network. Keeping track of who you are and come from holds the cultural meaningful by holding the group together. The Neolithic Revolution has been able to evolve and become a crucial part of being human by lineage exogamy, patrilineal, and matrilineal descent, and kinship and new reproductive technologies. Lineage exogamy means that lineage members must look for their marriages partners in other lineages.

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Have you ever wondered what Agricultural Revolution was and if it had a positive or negative effect on human civilization? Well, the Agricultural Revolution had a huge effect on civilization. It was when humans discovered how to farm! This took place from about 10,000 B.C to about 3,000 B.C. I believe it had a positive effect on human civilization for a couple of reasons.

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Evidence also shows that women were largely responsible for the gathering, as well as observations and initial activities that began the Neolithic Revolution, starting with the selection and refinement of edible plant species. Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent: Due to the Mediterranean climate, consisting of a dry season with short periods of rain, agriculture and domestication of small plants with large seeds such as wheat and barley was successful. Another factor that further encouraged successful domestication was the ease of harvesting and storage, as well as the varied geographical settings and altitudes. These domesticated plants had very high protein

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Yet other historians believe that certain challenges (possibly environmental) forced humans to develop an organized and civilized society. Overall, however, all theories agree on the fact that civilizations were a response to sustain the needs and beliefs of growing human societies. For example, these establishments allowed for an emphasis on a distinct religious structure, a social division based on affluence, as well as an economy that focused largely on trade with neighboring peoples. Such aspects would not have been present in prior small agricultural settlements, since they are much smaller (in size comparison) and less complex. 2.

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Agriculture is the human control of the environment. Agriculture has changed dramatically over time. Hunter-gatherers were the first

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