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Neolithic Revolution Essay
The causes of and impact neolithic revolution
The causes of and impact neolithic revolution
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Romana Haider ANTH 1400: Digging thee Past Chapter five How were societies organized? Archeology itself is different from cultural and social anthropology. With social and cultural anthropology it is easier for them to study people and their way of life.
1. How could Australopithecus have benefited from walking on two legs? (Explain at least two benefits) The two benefits of bipedalism are flexibility and having more energy efficiency. Flexibility is a key benefit of bipedalism, because it allowed Australopithecus to take advantage of more/different environment rather than one. According to the book (p.8) “The rain forest abounded with fruits and nuts, but on the other hand the woodlands offered grasses and seeds.”
Culture spreading more to the east and the west along the lines of latitude was due to the climate. East and west are two points that are on the latitude line which also share the same length in day and climate. Plants and animals that thrive at a given latitude, will thrive at the same latitude elsewhere. Although it’s very unusual for animals and plants that thrive in one latitude to survive in a different latitude. As for migration towards the north and south it was very rare during that time due to moving through different latitudes and longitudes, which meant they traveled through different climates, day lengths, and different environmental
Chapter Review (pg. 6-29) A: Human migration across the globe was the complete spread of the human species over much of the earth’s surface. The species began in eastern Africa; most types of humans come from this region, in the present day countries of Tazmania, Kenya, and Uganda. Main discoveries, especially fire and the use of animal skins for clothing-both of which allowed people to live in colder climates-facilitated the spread of Paleolithic groups. The first people moved out of Africa about 750,000 years ago.
Between 10,000 and 4,000 BCE beer became a widespread beverage throughout many early developing civilizations and empires (10). Prior to the Neolithic Revolution humans lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and migrated to regions that were rich in game and edible plants. Two regions in particular, located in fertile river valleys, contained a massive crop of wild cereal grains that lead to mass food production, population explosions, social developments and early currency. In Mesopotamia and Egypt cereal grains were originally used to make thickened soup, thin breads and gruel that was high in protein and calories.
In the novel Guns, Germs, and Steel author Jared Diamond immersed himself into to find information to see how societies and the changes made throughout the years affected today’s society and how they have become important factors to look into to be able understand the evolution of people. The novel itself is a representation of the history that we have gone through as a society however the ones I will be specifically talking about today are the “Collision at Cajamarca” and the factors that make it so important. Along with analyzing the chapter itself the more specific questions that need answering before the ultimate understanding are the proximate and ultimate factors that happend making this collision so important. Furthermore, we will be discussing the Neolithic Revolution and
Something that can be seen as either a major flaw in his argument or a strategic appeal is his lack of presenting opposing views. He didn’t recognize any counterarguments. He only spoke from his perspective, without exploring the views of his opposition. This could hurt him because his argument was not solidified by his responses to obvious oppositions, but this choice could help Edmundson in making an ethical appeal to the audience. Edmundson seems genuine by not trying to argue with possible oppositions; he comes off as having pure intentions of changing the path of the next generation.
The advancement of civilization initiated in Mesopotamia as higher levels of development matured through added civilizations in agriculture, cities, government hierarchy, writing, and building. Agriculture was the base of life that created food surpluses, free time to build, time to learn, and time to develop new ideas. In the settling of nomads brought cities that fashioned together to proliferate in population, and with those numbers contribute to the community. Arising from equalitarian hunting and gathering societies, civilizations created hierarchical governments in order to deal with the complexities of food surpluses, ownership, complex societies, and religion. Writing gave way to a higher class of education that only those superior to others received in order to preserve knowledge; communication, on the other hand, was available to most lower and middle class.
Jared Diamond Claim/Counterclaim Essay By: Trent Dickerson I have very mixed opinions on the statements of Jared Diamond and the Neolithic revolution. A way that I think it is bad is because it could have possibly caused overpopulation. A reason that I think it is good is because it allowed us to settle down in one place and have less people die from starvation. Another reason it was good was because it created the invention of agriculture.
One pivotal development that lead to humans developing civilizations from hunter-gatherer groups was the Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution was a time where humans started developing agriculture. Agriculture is crop development and animal farming for food and animal product. The Neolithic Revolution is important because the development of agriculture allowed many people in a given area to focus on skills other than farming. This is what allowed many people to develop skills such as writing, pottery, tool development, and changes in gender roles.
Ever since the emergence of mankind, humans have always prioritized their search for food and water. Even today the need for sustenance is still prominent; however, methods for producing it have evolved over time. The Paleolithic people went about scavenging, hunting, fishing, and gathering on their quest for food. The Neolithic Revolution marked a transition from such practices into the “cultivations of crops and the domestication of animals.” (Strayer, pg.12) Even after thousands of years, although techniques have changed, the basic concept of agricultural cultivation has still remained similar.
Individuals or groups of people have always had one thing in mind and that is surviving. Surviving means able to expand themselves without losing their traditional social structure and trying to fit in a larger network. Keeping track of who you are and come from holds the cultural meaningful by holding the group together. The Neolithic Revolution has been able to evolve and become a crucial part of being human by lineage exogamy, patrilineal, and matrilineal descent, and kinship and new reproductive technologies. Lineage exogamy means that lineage members must look for their marriages partners in other lineages.
The Neolithic Revolution brought grand improvement and innovative development through technology. The Neolithic revolution occurred around 10,000 BC to 8,000BC. Agriculture was the main component that was affected during this time. This meant improvement for tools and making the agriculture process less complex, which helped develop the tools we have today. A refinement in agriculture had begun.
There were many similarities and differences between the Paleolithic and Neolithic age. The Paleolithic age, also known as the stone age, is known to have the earliest humans, who were nomadic. They were hunters and gatherers who used basic tools and fire to survive. The Neolithic revolution started in the Middle East near areas with fertile soil in about 10,000 BCE. Most early civilizations were river based.
Yet other historians believe that certain challenges (possibly environmental) forced humans to develop an organized and civilized society. Overall, however, all theories agree on the fact that civilizations were a response to sustain the needs and beliefs of growing human societies. For example, these establishments allowed for an emphasis on a distinct religious structure, a social division based on affluence, as well as an economy that focused largely on trade with neighboring peoples. Such aspects would not have been present in prior small agricultural settlements, since they are much smaller (in size comparison) and less complex. 2.
