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Nervous And Endocrine Case Study

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Chapter 43 and 45 Nervous and Endocrine System
1. Discuss how the endocrine and nervous systems become involved when a student feels stress – such as that associated with an upcoming exam. (4 points).
The Hypothalamus begins the body’s response to stress by sending a polypeptide hormone to the pituitary gland, which allows for it to release ACTH to work with the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla, which is in the autonomic nervous system, will then secrete, once action potential is reached, epinephrine (Adrenaline) into the blood. Epinephrine brings its effects to target receptors, which will in turn cause changes in the body. Adrenaline leads the Sympathetic Nervous System to become more prominent and inhibit the action of the Parasympathetic system in the body. Thus, the body focuses less on housekeeping and more on fighting or fleeing. It increases the amount of oxygen the lungs intake and the level of blood glucose. Digestion, salivation, and bladder are inhibited from doing their jobs. The muscles are more prepared and the person feels as though they have more strength. Eventually the body will come to the conclusion it is no longer stressed, and will let digestion, salivation, and the bladder to function like normal. The lungs will not take in as much air and the pupils will constrict. Blood glucose will decrease …show more content…

Describe how the hormones of the pancreas regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood (4 points).
Insulin is used by the pancreas in response to when the body’s level of blood glucose is too high, and glucagon is inhibited. Insulin performs the job of taking glucose into the liver and helps store glucose as glycogen within the body. When the blood glucose level of the body gets to low the body will inhibit the secretion of insulin, so that glucagon can do its job. What glucagon does is it takes the stored glycogen and lets it be released back out into the bloodstream so the body can have more energy.

Chapter 46: Skeletal and

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The supply of glucose to the brain and immune system is important as competitors constantly rely on instantaneous decision making to ensure they make effective strategic moves. Glucagon is the hormone which ultimately increases blood glucose concentration by breaking down stored glycogen in muscle and fat cells, increasing the breakdown of fats and increasing liver glucose production. Each of these effects lead to an increased amount of glucose present in the bloodstream, meaning more energy for body cells. When the level of glucose in the bloodstream drops, more glucose is required in order to provide ATP for energy. The secretion of insulin by beta cells is inhibited

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• Question 27 1 out of 2 points Which of the following is true of insulin? Select all that apply. Selected Answers: A. it is secreted when serum glucose levels are elevated B. it acts as the primary catabolic hormone C. it stimulates gluconeogenesis D. it binds to GLUT 4 receptors on the cell membrane Answers: A. it is secreted when serum glucose levels are elevated B. it acts as the primary catabolic hormone C. it stimulates gluconeogenesis D. it binds to GLUT 4 receptors on the cell membrane Response Feedback: CHO PPT Part 1 Slides 34-7 • Question 28 1 out of 1 points Gluconeogenesis is sometimes referred to as the reverse of which pathway?

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Often called the fight or flight reflex, stress has been known to save people’s lives, whether it be on a battlefield or some dangerous situation back home. Too much stress ultimately leads to health problems, but too little stress isn’t good for us either. When we go too long without a sharp stimulating response, the body loses its ability to handle stress properly (Tom Scheve, 2009). Somewhere between too much, and too little stress can actually be good for you, helping you perform under pressure. It is when someone cannot turn off that fight or flight feeling that it begins to show its negative effects.

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Your lungs open wide so they can take in as much oxygen as possible. This extra oxygen is sent to the brain which increases alertness. Your senses become sharper and epinephrine triggers the release of blood sugar and fats from storage sites in your body. The parasympathetic nervous system promotes the “rest and digest” response that calms the body down after the initial stress has passed. All these changes happen at such a fast rate, that most of the time you’re not even aware of

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Our bodies take in the glucose and turn it into energy we can then use. When we let glucose in, we are raising our insulin and glucose levels. Insulin is the hormone in people’s bodies that grants glucose access into our bloodstreams. However, insulin keeps our blood levels from raising or lowering, and it stores the fat to use for energy later on. Unfortunately, people have no control over the insulin function, though they do have control over the types of food they eat that contain certain amounts of glucose.

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I thought I would cover Dr. Schuster’s question regarding the pancreas. The islet cells (islets of Langerhans), located in the tail of the pancreas, perform the endocrine function of the pancreas and regulate blood sugar, because they release hormones directly into the blood, such as, insulin to lower blood sugar and glucagon to raise it (The Pancreas Center). The head of the pancreas nestles in the curvature of the duodenum, (first part of the small intestine) which contains most of the acini cells that form acinar ducts that lead to a main pancreatic duct which runs through the center of the pancreas. The acinar cells perform the exocrine function of the pancreas by producing and excreting enzymes that aid in digestion. After we eat, the stomach breaks down food and produces a mixture called chyme that is proportionally passed through the pyloric sphincter into the

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My research paper will be focusing on the HPA (Hypothalamus-Pituitary Gland-Adrenal Gland) axis activation in response to stress with a focus on the harmful side effects of the end product of the HPA axis, cortisol hormone. I would also like to bring to attention how stress response can vary in different individuals with certain predisposition that can cause them to have severe physical responses to stress later in life, such as diabetes and cardiac health issues. My lens will be focusing on how college students, in particular, cope with stress while highlighting which coping methods they are using and evaluating how effective they are. Word Count: 104 Annotated Bibliography Brougham, Ruby R., et al.

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These two hormones help regulate plasma glucose, also referred to as blood glucose, levels. Glucagon increases blood glucose and Insulin decreases blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels are too low, Glucagon sends a message for the glycogen to be broken down into glucose to be released into the blood.

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(p. 105) Stress is a response to a perceived danger. It comes from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), part of the autonomic nervous system. One of the most well know theories of stress response is the flight or fight theory. When a stressor presents itself the body prepares for action by increasing blood pressure, blood flow to large muscles, blood glucose concentration, muscular strength mental activity and

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(Transition: Let’s look at the main effects of stress.) Body I. According to Mayo Clinic, there are three

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It receives information from the thalamus and from the cerebral cortex. It is process through vision, hearing, and from decision making senses and problem-solving. Hormones and the involvement in stress response According to the News Medical Life Sciences website hormones are described as a chemical messenger that is secreted directly into the blood, that carries them to organs and tissues of the human body.

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The awareness of stress was increased after World War II when it was noticed that many routine life events like examinations, growing up increases stress and leads to dysfunction (Lazarus, 1993). The word stress was used by Hans Selye for the first time to explain the effects of threats that disturbs homeostasis (Chrousos, 1992; Selye, 1978). Walter B. Cannon explained the role of adrenal glands and sympathetic nervous system in maintenance of body equilibrium after exposure to threat. Hans Selye’s observation -” common feeling of being sick” in patients with different diseases laid path for definition of stress. He defined stress as a set of non-specific responses collectively called as” General Adaptation Syndrome”.

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The adrenals are known for making the hormone adrenaline but also, they make the corticosteroids which affect your metabolism and sexual function. The pancreas is part of the the digestive system and the endocrine system. It makes the hormones insulin and glucagon. These help ensure you have the right amount of sugar in your bloodstream and your cells. If you don 't make any insulin, which is the case for people with type one diabetes, your blood sugar levels can get dangerously high and if the body makes some insulin but not enough, that is type two diabetes.

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INTRODUCTION Stress is a word derived from Latin word “Stingere” meaning to draw tight. (Mojoyinola, 2008) Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand or threat. When you feel threatened, your nervous system responds by releasing a flood of stress hormones, and including adrenaline and cortisol, which rouse the body for emergency action. Your heart pounds faster, muscles tighten, blood pressure rises, breath quickens, and your senses become sharper. These physical changes increase your strength and stamina, speed your reaction time, and enhance your focus.

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