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Confrontational Tactics In The Civil Rights Movement

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The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s was a struggle for African Americans to obtain equal rights and be free of racial discrimination. The use of Jim Crow Laws allowed people, particularly in the South, to continue oppressing African Americans after the Civil War. Confrontational tactics such as protests and sit-ins were important in the Civil Rights Movement, however non-confrontational tactics such as litigation, civil disobedience and economic boycotts were most important as they brought about significant change in opposing segregation. Confrontation is defined as a hostile or argumentative situation between opposing parties. The opposing parties in this movement consisted of African Americans in North and South American fighting …show more content…

In the Plessy vs Ferguson case in 1896, a law was passed that allowed racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal in black and white schools. A single suit was brought together to be taken to the Supreme Court in 1954 to argue the fact that black schooling was evidently under resourced and of a far lower quality than that of white schooling, proving them to be inferior and unequal. In the case of Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, the segregation of school facilities was overturned. Although segregated school was now deemed illegal, certain people did not comply with the ruling. In Little Rock, Arkansas (1957), nine black students were accompanied by state troops to their first day at Central High School, a previously all-white institution. These nine students faced extreme harassment and hostility from a crowd of white protesters for the rest of the year and were either smuggled in or guarded by federal troops for their own safety. This shows the relentless behaviour of many white Americans that objected integrated facilities even after the new law had been

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Plessy v. Ferguson was a supreme court case in 1896 and the decision entrenched legal segregation and it made “separate but equal” the law of the land. Brown v. Board of Education was also a supreme court case in 1954 and it ended legal segregation. Plessy was a black man (great grandmother was black) and Plessy violated Louisiana law by sitting in the white part of the train. Plessy sued based on the 14th Amendment and Equal Protection clause. Brown v. Board was a supreme court case that Brown sued the board of Education because the schools were unequal.

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On May 17, 1954 the case of Brown v. Board of Education, “declared that segregation in schools of black and white students would no longer be constitutional.” After this law was passed, in 1957 nine African American students enrolled in a predominantly white school in Little Rock, Arkansas. When word got out that, nine students, Melba Pattillo, Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Minnijean Brown, Terrence Roberts, Carlotta Walls, Jefferson Thomas, Gloria Ray, and Thelma Mothershed were attending Little Rock Central High School, the governor of Arkansas sent the Arkansas National Guard to the school. Many of the students that already attended the school also barricaded the doors so they would not enter the school. The students started “throwing stones, spat on them, shouted and yelled death threats.”

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Ferguson case was passed in 1896. “This decision approved segregation of the races as being consistent with the 14th amendment and formulated the doctrine of "separate but equal" facilities. It served as a legal basis for segregation in education. The case arose when one Homer A. Plessy, who was 7/8ths caucasian and 1/8th negro, was arrested for entering a railroad coach reserved for whites and refusing to sit in a segregated couch for negroes. The court, speaking through Justice Henry B Brown, found that these "separate but equal accommodations" satisfied the demands of the Fourteenth Amendment.”

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During 1954 to 1968, African Americans and whites alike were fighting for the rights of African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. Throughout America, protesters used different tactics to earn their freedom. Some used violence, while others chose a non-violent path. Non-violence overall was more effective than violence during the Civil Rights Movement. Furthermore, bus boycotts are an efficient strategy that was used in the 1950s to 60s.

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One of the two most prominent fights for civil rights for specific communities in the 20th century in the United States were the Women's Suffrage Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. The Women’s Suffrage Movement advocated for the right to vote for women living in the United States of America. The Civil Rights movement faced the systematic suppression and oppression of African-Americans and utilized various different techniques of non-violent in order to overcome the system set against them. While there are many similarities and differences of both movements that were instrumental in the correct way to fight oppression, both utilized non-violent intentions and techniques to overcome their obstacles.

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The film, Eyes on the Prize: Fighting Back, Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas is put to the test. During the Supreme Court case of Brown Vs The Board of Education, many people fought for schools to end segregation of the students. This means that black and white students would attend the same schools together. The Supreme Court case made its final decision and made it illegal to segregate students. Central High School was the school that let black students in first.

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Influence of the Media in 1954-1960 In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education declared segregated schools were against the law. This case said segregation in schools was not permitted, so thirty-nine African American students enrolled into Central HIgh School in Little Rock, Arkansas, but only nine got accepted. These nine students are commonly known as the Little Rock Nine. After being the only African Americans to be accepted into Central High, they began to face so much more than an average teenager could handle.

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During the tumultuous period of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s, the goal for bettering the lives of African-Americans was desired by many. However, the means of attaining that goal, varied greatly among the representatives of the movement. The African-American civil rights efforts were spearheaded by men of peaceful protest for integration, such as Martin Luther King Jr., and in contrast leaders such as Malcolm X who expressed separatist ideals. Other groups of civil rights advocated took an outright violent approach, such as the Black Panthers.

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The African American Civil Rights movement existed at large between the early fifties and the late sixties in a society that was constantly on the verge of social destruction. The black rights movement existed politically, socially, and economically everywhere in the United States. As time progressed the movement developed and saw many changes along with schisms separating activists and how they approached getting their rights. In the early fifties there was a large non-violent integration based movement spearheaded by figures such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. However, as the time progressed, the movement started seeing a more aggressive leadership with figures such as Malcolm X, but eventually it turned into an extremist movement

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The Civil Rights Movement was a time where violence occurred, even though it was considered nonviolent. The main reason for why the Civil Rights Movement was considered nonviolent is because of the nonviolent tactics used. Martin Luther King Jr. realized that the nonviolent tactics used by Gandhi, could be used by the black Southerners. Martin Luther King Jr. states,” I had come to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhi Method of nonviolence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom.” The nonviolent tactics were small protests, militant movements, leaders and organizations.

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after slavery was abolished, the southern states passed laws to segregate blacks and whites. The segregation included separate schools for blacks and whites. A challenge to these laws reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson that it was a reasonable use of state power to require "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks.

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The Civil Rights movement occurred at a turbulent time in American history. The Cold War and the search for communists had the government’s attention, forcing civil rights activists to change their tactics. The ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, making segregation in public schools unconstitutional, was met with massive resistance. Civil rights leaders took action calling for nonviolent protests to push for civil rights legislation while facing the threat of violent retaliation for their efforts. Leaders of the civil rights movement used civil disobedience as a form of peaceful protest.

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The civil rights movement was a non-violent protest to renew black rights. Great Leaders fought in peace with people without using their fists. History.com states, “Nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still inhabited a starkly unequal world of disenfranchisement, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence.” First, racial segregation in the South made it hard for African Americans to live and or do much of anything in white communities. In 1955 racial segregation continued in the Southern region of America.

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Nonviolent protest is the act of protesting nonviolently to gain justice. In the mid-1900s, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Montgomery Approvement Association and the Southern Leadership Conference were nonviolent organizations, nonviolently fighting for desegregation. To bring fairness to African American citizens, the NAACP was formed to work towards black equality in Criminal and Civil cases. In the 1900s, southern states began the Civil Rights Movement as African Americans became fed up with the continuation of disenfranchisement, segregation, and race brutality. Years after the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were declared in the Bill of Rights, African Americans were still faced with the “Separate but Equal” doctrine that was

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1671 Words | 7 Pages

The Civil Rights Movement, was a mass movement that lasted from the mid 1950’s to the mid 1960’s. The purpose of this movement, was to ensure freedom, justice, and equality for African Americans. The movement achieved its success mostly from the practice of boycotts, sit ins, and other forms of non-violent resistance. The movement was also characterized by a notable list of activists and political figures that spearheaded several events that gained the movement momentum and attracted attention worldwide. Since the Jim Crow era, scores of African Americans fought for freedom, and the abolishment of racial inequalities However in the middle of the twentieth century, African Americans’ had their attentions drawn to the epidemic of the practices of white supremacy, discrimination in the work force, and political inequality.

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