Topic: Magnetic resonance imaging Introduction: Nuclear magnetic resonance which is nuclei absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation phenomenon under a magnetic field. Actually, all elements’ nuclei are electrically charged and spin with different energy level to behave like a magnet. When it is at lower energy which will generate a magnetic field in the direction of the external magnetic field and opposite direction with spin at higher energy. The energy difference between them will correspond to radio frequency called the nuclear magnetic moment. This energy gap refers specific frequency which depends on properties of the isotope of the atoms and the strength of the magnetic field. For example, NMR active nuclei (such as 1H or 13C) which …show more content…
The identification of pathogenic microorganisms based on biochemical and assimilation tests is time consuming and often inaccurate as being contaminated. Therefore, molecular biological tests are increasingly used for reliable identification to the species level. This is in particular relevant for clinical and environmental yeast isolates, where phenotypic properties are sparse. Grand challenge Compare with other imaging, MRI is suitable for examining soft tissue in ligament and tendon injuries, spinal cord injuries, brain tumors and so on. The whole scanning takes up to 30 minutes. Patients will be first fasting about 4 to 6 hours and then wear a hospital gown any without metal ties. The most common type of contrast (dye) gadolinium would be provided. Mostly it is safe and less to cause allergic reactions. Thus, it is suitable for most of patients including pregnancy as it does not use radiation. The ionizing radiation is harmful if there is repeated …show more content…
The loud noise may scare the patient and cause tinnitus. To order to prevent the effects, it is advisable to use ear plugs when scanning. Apart of these, the on and off of the magnetic field can cause stimulation of peripheral nerve. As protons are excited when rapid pulses of electricity, but heat will be generated also that increase the temperature of the body and may cause hyperthermia, especially in obese patients. So, some countries have regulations for this happen if the patient has any disorders of thermoregulation. One of the challenging is some of patients who have metal implant, accidents may happen due to missile-effect. It means that there is ferromagnetic object to the center of the magnet used in MRI, may cause injury and even death. It is still not solved until now. Therefore, in MRI scanning room, non-ferromagnetic devices should be