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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study

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Overview Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is recognized within the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders as a mental disorder involving obsessive thoughts and repetitive behavior. The cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder is not definitively known however several theories ranging from genetics to environment have been proposed and supported. There are several treatment options for managing obsessive-compulsive disorder including medications, psychotherapy, surgery and ECT. There are several comorbid disorders associated with the disorder, most of which may develop due to dealing with the chronic symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a couple related disorders which have symptoms similar in nature to those …show more content…

Additional changes include further clarification into the level of insight a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder has toward their obsessive-compulsive beliefs ranging from good/fair to absent/delusional insight. The clarification was made to distinguish the difference between good/fair insight, where an individual would think their obsessive-compulsive beliefs were most likely not true, and poor insight, where an individual would think their obsessive-compulsive beliefs were most likely true. Another change to the chapter of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders is the addition of two new diagnoses including excoriation disorder, which is also known as skin-picking, and hoarding disorder. Hoarding disorder can be a symptom of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and is described as being an excessive accumulation of possessions due to an unwillingness to part with said items. Severe hoarding behavior can happen when an individual also has obsessive-compulsive disorder (Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders - DSM-5, …show more content…

Those who have experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse are at greater risk to develop obsessive-compulsive disorder. Grisham et al. (2011) found that even the type of abuse could predict future obsessive-compulsive behaviors such as verbal insults leading to ordering compulsions or recurrent shameful thoughts. The theory of a physiological component to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder is supported in a 2012 review by Milad and Rauch. The researchers found that an impairment or abnormality in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and striatum could lead to a development of of obsessive-compulsive

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I chose this book because I wanted to learn more about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and more specifically, better understand this anxiety disorder from a first-person account. The author, Jeff Bell, is a radio broadcaster based in San Francisco. The book begins with Bell describing his earliest memory of OCD. He is seven or eight years old and in bed, recalling an incident from two days ago.

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b. In the DSM I & II, the name of OCD was Obsessive Compulsive Reaction (APA, 1952) and Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis in the DSM II (APA, 1968). Remaining as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from DSMIIIR and on. c. DSM I & II did not specify that the patient’s compulsive rituals must take up a lot of time, like over an hour as exemplified

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This story by Lauran Slater explains the life of a man called Mario Della Grotta who has OCD what the French would name it as obsessive compulsive disorder. In the essay Who Holds the Clicker by Lauren Slater explains the different types of procedures that were used to treat Mario's OCD such as psychosurgery, implantations, and prescription drugs. Despite the fact that Mario knew the side effects of these procedures, he still insisted in having these treatments to cure his illness. Mario was said to be the first American psychiatric patients to undergo this highly experimental procedure as there have only been 50 implantations for OCD thus far. Unfortunately, the surgery that he went through had an after effect.

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I couldn’t eat in the Mess Hall, I had to eat everywhere else,” Leper reflects (A Separate Peace 80). Similarly, obsessive compulsive disorder affects various people to different extents. In some, the illness is identifiable and readily labeled. For instance, if one has ever viewed As

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On the surface, obsession and addiction can appear to be synonymous, but in reality, the two are distinctly different from one another. The reason the two are different is simple: an obsession is compulsion based on fear while addiction is compulsion based on desire/pleasure. [HOOK] Generally, obsession tends to be more mentally demanding and have irrational motives, such as believing that if you don’t brush your hair with three strokes on each side of your head all of your will hair fall out. On the other hand, an addiction gravitates more towards the physical and physiological desire for something or someone, as well as fantasizing about the substance, action, or person. This does not go without saying that a person cannot suffer from a combination

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It is noted in the DSM that individuals with OCD report a strong feeling of disgust when things that trigger compulsions are faced ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In order to rectify his routine, Melvin takes the extreme measure to visit Carol’s house because she called off work and disrupted his routine. In an impulsive act like this, he projects himself as weird and obsessive to Carol and is unable to fulfill his request of having a meal served by her. Moreover,with his routine out of line he feels incomplete and has no way of functioning throughout the day. Even while performing the compulsions the people who have OCD feel incomplete and are uneasy until things are deemed as accurate ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

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In order to live a normal life, these people do have their rituals it is not always a bad thing, in reality it could actually help with safety issues. If there is someone who washes their hands continuously at least you know they are clean and less likely to get sick. OCD does also includes obsessions over sexual or violent thoughts, even if that person does not mean to have those thoughts. “But people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) feel the need to check things repeatedly, or have certain thoughts or perform routines and rituals over and over.” (National Institute of Mental Health)

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To begin, OCD stands for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Hyman 14). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, unwanted thoughts that intrude upon one’s mind that causes compulsive behaviors. OCD also includes unneeded actions that one feels must be done over and over again in certain rigid, consistent ways (9). Obsessions are persistent impulses, images, ideas, or thoughts that intrude into a person’s mind, causing intense anxiety or distress. They can be inappropriate, make little sense, and hard to ignore (14).

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There are various clinician-administered measures for the assessment of OCD. Clinical interviews and various self-report measures are typically used as well as behavioral avoidance tests or observational tasks in which individuals are exposed to feared stimuli while rating their distress level. It is also important to review the etiological considerations when assessing and diagnosing OCD. Being that OCD involves both genetic and environmental factors. Heredity plays a major role in the etiology of OCD, therefore it would be beneficial to examine if any of Lady Macbeth’s family members have OCD or related disorders.

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Evidenced based treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) includes both pharmacological and psychological treatments. Often, treatment is most effective

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Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder that is characterized by incoherent thoughts and obsessions that could potentially lead to repetitive behavior. Though, more often than not, one may not realize that their obsessions are not reasonable. Often one may try to ignore their obsessions or stop them. By doing this, it can only increase their distress or anxiety. Contrary to some belief, obsessive compulsive disorder does not discriminate.

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The first is whether abuse has deleterious effects. “In earlier studies, in which samples were nonrepresentative and family ecological factors (such as poverty, marital violence, and family instability) and child biological variables (such as early health problems and temperament) were ignored, findings have been ambiguous. Results from a prospective study of a representative sample of 309 children indicated that physical abuse is indeed a risk factor for later aggressive behavior even when the other ecological and biological factors are known. The second question concerns the processes by which antisocial development occurs in abused children. Abused children tended to acquire deviant patterns of processing social information, and these may mediate the development of aggressive behavior” (Dodge 1990).

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In addition, social anxiety disorder or social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder and substance related disorder is often comorbid with BDD. However, what is noted is that these disorder normally surface after BDD is seen. This can be because the symptoms of BDD has been induced by these other issues. Underlying issues like child abuse is closely associated with BDD. Michael Jackson was said to have been abused by his father.

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