Drug is important in human life as it helps relieved pain and act for cure and treatment (Mandal, 2013) like opioid. Chronic and severe pain used opioid as pain management. The use of opioids is associated with rewarding effect that typical of drugs have considerable abuse liability thus patients who are prescribed with opioids might have difficulty to stop the use of prescription opioids even though it is not abuse or misuse of opioids (Crofford, 2010).
Currently, pain medication for chronic and severe pain like cancer and chronic musculoskeletal pain use morphine as its pain management. Morphine is an example of opioid which shows to give positive effects by reducing pain. Usage of morphine as analgesics has started since opium poppy plant was discovered and it has been used throughout
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Morphine and methadone are life-long treatment which means it must be taken throughout life and cause dependence property to existing (Bell & Zador, 2000). Furthermore, if the treatment has stop or reduced slowly because consumer has started too relieved from pain, morphine withdrawal symptoms may relapse because body try to maintain balance state. This behavior is one of concern by society today where drug abuse behavioral giving bad impact to the society and government (Black, 2016).
Given the limitations of morphine and methadone as pain medication and management, alternative potential compound of natural product is suggested. Alternative potential compound has widely used in pharmaceutical industry. Natural product and its derivatives have been recognized as therapeutic agents (Lahlou, 2013). Due to adverse effects from modern medicine and synthetic product, there is increase interest on discovering alternative natural product as therapeutic agent and become alternative for modern medicine since natural product has lesser adverse