The three key concepts in the model are terrorism experience, organizational preparedness (Czinkota et al., 2010) and enterprise resilience (Branzei and Abdelnour; 2010; Starr, Newfrock, & Delurey, 2003) of the firm. First, a firm’s prior experience with terrorism is categorized into two distinct knowledge areas:
a. The extent or intensification of the firm’s prior experience with terrorism. The intensification would include the lethality as well as the extent of the damage incurred from prior terrorism experience.
b. The amount of terrorism experience in dangerous risky locations is the aggregation of experience from the cumulative amount of terrorist incidents high risk operating locations with a pre-established danger of terrorist activity.
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The level of preparedness for the terrorist attacks of 9/11 including domestic, city, state, national, emergency, building and the private sector preparedness is fundamental recurring theme in the 9/11 Commission Report (2004). Scholarly academic research (Cerullo & Cerullo, 2004; Zsidisin, Melnyk, & Ragatz, 2005) and United States standards (The 9/11 Commission Report; 2004; National Fire Protection Association 1600, 2016) have established disaster recovery and business continuity plans as the initial fundamental level of preparedness required in the public and private sector to prepare, withstand and avoid disruption from disasters such as a terrorist