A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. It is a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.
A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field.
Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone.
Diamagnetism is the tendency of a material to oppose an applied magnetic field, and therefore, to be repelled by a magnetic field.
Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby certain materials are attracted
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EXPERIMENT
Polyol process is used for the synthesis of the nanoparticles. A polyol is an alcohol containing multiple hydroxyl groups. This process involves hydrolysis and inorganic polymerization carried out on the salts dissolved in a polyol medium. The polyol acts as a solvent for the precursor salts because of its high relative permittivity, and allows one to carry out hydrolysis reactions under atmospheric pressure in a large temperature range up to the boiling point of the polyol.
Ethylene glycol has been widely used in the polyol process for the synthesis of metal (pure and alloyed) nanoparticles due to its strong reducing power and relatively high boiling point (~1970C).
In this method ethylene glycol (fisher scientific 99.5%) is used as solvent and strong base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (Qualigens 98%) is used as reducing agent along with NaBH4. Iron chloride tetra hydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) (Moly Chem 98%), Cobaltous acetate (Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O) (sd-fine chem. Limited 99%) are the metal precursors used in this Co and FeCo synthesis, PVP (C6H9NO)n (sigma Aldrich 99.9%) acts as surfactant.
2.1 Synthesis of Co Nanoparticles 2.1.1 Experimental