The Peloponnesian War was a major conflict in Greek history, involving Athens and its allies against Sparta and its allied forces. The war lasted approximately 30 years and had a major impact on Greece's political and social structure. On the other hand, Rome was one of history's most powerful ancient cultures, and its great victories were crucial to its ascent to power. The Romans eventually dominated Greek civilization, and Rome's influence remained to affect Western civilization even after its decline (Morey, 1901).
I will discuss the similarities and distinctions between Sparta's aims in the Peloponnesian War and Rome's goals against Italian city-states and the city of Carthage.
Sparta's major goal in the Peloponnesian war was to maintain
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The desire to increase its domain and establish its supremacy over the region drove Rome's wars against Italian city-states. Rome considered itself the true leader of Italy and claimed that it was its duty to unite the entire country under its control. To achieve this purpose, Rome launched multiple battles against surrounding city-states such as the Samnites, Etruscans, and Gauls (Cartwright, 2016).
Sparta conducted many military expeditions against Athens as the Romans did later with neighboring city-states. Sparta attacked Attica, the Athenian heartland, and destroyed Athenian farms and infrastructure. Sparta also dispatched troops to Sicily to help its allies beat Athens, resulting in disastrous destruction for the Athenians. Both Spart and Rome civilizations were recognized for their military strength and possessed well-trained armies that were vital for their achievement (Cole, 2021).
Rome similar to Sparta possessed a well-trained, well-equipped, and well-organized army, which provided it a significant advantage in battle. Rome also used its great engineering abilities to construct highways and defenses, allowing its forces to maneuver rapidly and efficiently across