ipl-logo

Preparative Lc Synthesis

954 Words4 Pages

purified through preparative LC as described above and finally characterized as phloretin and phloridzin (Fig. 1). Compound 1 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one or phlorizin was obtained as amorphous powder, mp 2620C. The UV/Visible spectrum of the compound showed λmax at 225 and 285 nm. ESI–MS m/z 297 [M+Na]+ in positive ion mode and 273 [M-H] in negative ion mode for molecular formula C15H14O5; 274. Compound 2 Commonly known as phlorizin. IUPAC name is 1-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one was obtained as white to offwhite needle shaped crystals mp 1670C. The UV/Visible spectrum of the compound showed λmax at 226 …show more content…

The total run time was 25.0 min. Regression equations revealed good linear relationships for Pt and Pz (correlation coefficients: 0.9986 and 0.9989 respectively). This assay offers advantages in terms of practicality and suitability for the analysis of phloretin and phloridzin with acceptable validation results such as linearity, sensitivity, and recovery in terms of RSD (%).The method was linear in the concentration range of 50–500 ng/mL. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) was 68.74 ng and 20.62 ng for compound 1(PT) and 61.89 ng and 18.57 ng for compound …show more content…

Glial cells are the primary central nervous system immune effector cells. Neuroinflammation is an altered situation developed in the presence of plays a significant role in various chronic and acute pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Our results showed that the stimulation of C6 cells with LPS (0.5 μg/mL) significantly increased the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in culture supernatant when compared with unstimulated cells (Fig. 3). It is well established that glial cells are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, plays a critical role in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration disorders. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, the outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, is a major pathogenic factor in sepsis. LPS has been established for inflammatory research because LPS induces systemic inflammation mimicking the initial clinical features of sepsis (Block & Hong 2005). Both PZ and PT at the studied concentrations, i.e., 5 and 10 μg/mL, showed significant reduction in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced neuroinflammation model in C6 cells. PZ showed 26.27±1.33 and 30.77±0.94 % inhibition and PT showed 17.10±1.19 and 42.13±3.54 % inhibition of TNF-α at dose 5 and 10µg/ml respectively. Similarly, PZ

Show More
Related
779 Words | 4 Pages

The following lab period the solid was weighed (0.0483 g) and percent yield was calculated (65.5%) with the limiting reagent being tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The melting point was determined. The first melting point was 204-204.9 °C and the second melting point was 215.6-215.9°C. Finally, an infrared spectroscopy was obtained for the

Read More
704 Words | 3 Pages

Pages 96-98 in Chemistry 110 Lab Manual. Wilfrid Laurier University, ON, Canada. Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the level of purity by using the values for melting point and absorbance and chemically synthesizing aspirin by using phosphoric acid as a catalyst.

Read More
1039 Words | 5 Pages

Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.

Read More
1764 Words | 8 Pages

As a result, the immune system attacks the nerves, causing inflammation and damaging the axons and myelin, which can lead to the signs and symptoms of Guillain-Barré

Read More
465 Words | 2 Pages

SOCS1 is therefore anti-inflammatory due to its role in regulating and attenuating M1 activation and controlling M2 activation1. As SOCS1 is involved in both M1 and M2 control, it is known as a molecular switch57. When SOCS1 is deficient there is an increase of SOCS3 in macrophages1 and uncontrolled pro-inflammatory response due to excessive IL6 and TNF-α production65 which leads to autoimmune

Read More
1092 Words | 5 Pages

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of Bovine Serum Albumin protein through the use of the Lowry Assay. This was completed by first creating a standard curve from known concentrations of the Bovine Serum Albumin protein. First, it was essential to create ‘blank’ using water, and to measure the absorbance of the blank through the spectrophotometer. We were able to create several standards with known concentrations of BSA that included both low and high concentrations. After running the assay, we were able to graph a standard curve by plotting the known protein concentrations, in mg/L, against the spectrophotometer readings of absorbance.

Read More
136 Words | 1 Pages

Linoleic acid can also be converted into 9 or 13 hydroxylated linoleic acids, 9-HODE and 13-HODE. The ratio of 13:9 HODE is a potential biomarker for immune status during influenza infection. The ratio of 13:9 HODE increased during the resolution phase of infection and was significantly elevated in the low pathogenicity infection, indicating a bias toward an anti-inflammatory, proresolution state (Tam et al., 2013). Different lipid mediators into potentially positive and negative biomarkers for different diseases.

Read More
1526 Words | 7 Pages

To this school of thought, this macrophage-initiated cascade is not influenced by the quantity of viruses in the brain. This second hypothesis is informed by the fact that activated macrophages can produce neurotoxins that trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxygen free radicals. As highlighted by McGuire (2003), various in-vitro studies have indicated that these factors can kill human brain cells. In line with this discourse, Pulliam, Gascon, Stubblebine, McGuire, and McGrath (1997) reported significantly higher amounts of a specific subtype of macrophages among patients with ADC as compared to their

Read More
1009 Words | 5 Pages

Gram-negative bacteria contain a layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) When the bacteria enters the body, the LPS triggers the body’s immune response. The body recognises a cytokine reaction from the bacteria which is toxic to the body and responds by inflaming the tissues and blood vessels. The certain cells used against the bacteria Bordetella Pertussis include innate and specific defenses, but the defensive antigens have not been exclusively identified. Explain how the disease can be treated.

Read More
313 Words | 2 Pages

INTRODUCTION I have chosen to produce a report on the compound Methanol. In this report I will discuss the industrial synthesis, main uses, demand, origins, availability, cost and environmental impact of methanol. Methanol is also widely known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol. The chemical formula for methanol is CH3OH. Methanol is a light, colourless and flammable liquid that isn’t fit for human consumption due to its highly toxicnature.

Read More
5095 Words | 21 Pages

Its vasodilatation effects depend on other processes such as RAAS, oxidative stress and other inflammatory molecules. The feature that distincts CGRP from other vasodilators is its long Page 11 of 14 Page 12 of 14 duration of action. CGRP is involved in increase in inflammation; increase the number of circulating cells and chemotactic factors, neuronal plasticity and synapse formation [17002803][pgi pr]. CGRP is a key regulatory neuropeptide with important roles in immune outcome and inflammatory mediators such as

Read More
857 Words | 4 Pages

2001). The hepatocellular stress that is induced by irradiation or other toxins may activate the resident macrophages on one side and proinflammatory mediator release on the other side (Ramadori et al. 2008), and these cytokines play major roles in modulating the liver’s response (Streetz et al. 2001). Upon hepatic stimulation, the cells within the inflammatory infiltrate produce cytokines, and these are known to be the hepatic modulators. The induction of these cytokines leads to the consecutive production of further inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules (Rogler and Andus 1998). The early induction of the proinflammatory cytokines and of adhesion molecules following gamma irradiation has been reported (Christiansen et al. 2007b; Moriconi et al. 2009).

Read More
361 Words | 2 Pages

Melanin is a recalcitrant, heavily cross-linked, inert polymer. Similarly to the vast majority of pigments, the generation of colour is only one of the many roles that melanin fills. For example, as well as imparting red-brown to black tones in organisms, melanin also provides mechanical strength to the keratinous tissues found in beaks and feathers, and is a crucial component of the invertebrate immune system. Synthesized as two distinct chemical forms; eumelanin and phenomelanin, eumelanin provides black to dark brown pigmentation, whereas phenomelanin provides red-brown to buff. Eumelanin occurs within oblong, rod-like eumelanosomes, between 900 and 1100nm in length.

Read More
1717 Words | 7 Pages

In various invitro studies that used human fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells CCl4 was reported to inhibit TNF-α functions (7). Also, it was shown to prevent various tissues against ischemia reperfusion injury (8,9). TNF-α leads to tissue injury by increasing cytokines production and increasing ROS formation and stimulating direct caspases pathway (10). Ib has been reported to prevent cytokines production and ROS formation induced by various drugs toxicity in tissues such as lung, kidney and liver tissues via blocking TNF-α (8, 11, mtx-inf akciğer buraya kaynak olarak ekle). In literature the chronic toxic effects of CCl4 have been investigated.

Read More
1112 Words | 5 Pages

it is a dihydropyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative MECHANISM OF ACTION It works by blocking the production of prostaglandin,by competitively blocking cyclo oxygenase enzyme. PHRMACOKINETICS ABSORPTION Bioavailability: 80-100% Onset: IM, 10 min; PO, 30-60 min Duration: 4-6 hr (analgesia) Peak serum time: 1-3 min (IV); 30-60 min (IM); ~1 hr (PO) Peak plasma concentration: Varies with dose and route Distribution

Read More

More about Preparative Lc Synthesis

Open Document