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13-HODE Analysis

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Linoleic acid can also be converted into 9 or 13 hydroxylated linoleic acids, 9-HODE and 13-HODE. The ratio of 13:9 HODE is a potential biomarker for immune status during influenza infection. The ratio of 13:9 HODE increased during the resolution phase of infection and was significantly elevated in the low pathogenicity infection, indicating a bias toward an anti-inflammatory, proresolution state (Tam et al., 2013). Different lipid mediators into potentially positive and negative biomarkers for different diseases. For example, 8-HETE, LTB4, 9-HODE and 13-HODE have been shown consistently lower levels compared to healthy subjects, and can be potential negative biomarkers for severe heart diseases (Rago and Fu, 2013). Coincidently, 8-HETE, LTB4,

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