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Post Traumatic Stress: A Case Study

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Identify and describe two situations that were really stressful for you in the past week, times when you were in the physiological alarm phase. The first event that has been stressful is my oldest daughter losing her job and having to move out of an apartment she has only lived in for three months because she cannot afford it now. However, I will not let her move back in with me because she needs to be responsible for herself and so this is causing stress I do not need. In addition, it makes me upset that I have to set boundaries, however, I have to because she is a 34-year adult woman who needs to figure it out because I am done raising children. As a result, this situation did put me in the physiological alarm phase because of stress and the way I felt at the time. In addition, when I have to …show more content…

In the alarm phase the body recognizes the stressor and responds by preparing for fight or flight. The body’s reactions are numerous and complex and will be briefly summarized. The hypothalamus located in the brain sends a message to the pituitary gland to release its hormones and this triggers the adrenal glands to release adrenaline” (Castro, 2015, p.377-382). The physiological symptoms that I have experienced include anxiety, tension, and worry and then these leads to the physical reactions of stress which include the alarm phase where the “body prepares for fight or flight, the resistance phase when the body attempts to return to homeostasis, and the third phase of exhaustion occurs when he body remains in a state of high stress for an extended period of time and is unable to repair damage” (Zastrow, 2015, p.377-380). In addition, the text suggests that if exhaustion continues it can cause stress-related illness such as high blood pressure and other health

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When presented with uncertainty about a decision, or perceiving a threat to survival such as having to swing around a horizontally metal 1-inch pole’s axis completely with nothing to hold on to other than your hands, physiological changes in the body occur (known as the ‘fight-or-flight’ response) that are known to excite the sympathetic-division of the autonomic nervous-system into a ‘hyper-aroused’ state which is described to be “a non-specific response” to stress by Selye (1979) [reference to textbook case study on pg243]. Continuing on with Selye’s pioneered research on ‘stress’, he was able to distinguish between two different responses to ‘stress’ – a negative response would be labeled ‘distress’ and can be seen in worrying situations;

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ASD and PTSD are different in two ways. First is the diagnosis of ASD can be given only within the first month following a traumatic event. If posttraumatic symptoms were to continue beyond a month, the clinician would evaluate for signs of PTSD. Second is ASD is the significance of dissociative symptoms. For a person to be diagnosed with ASD requires to experience three symptoms of dissociation (example: numbing, reduced awareness, depersonalization, derealization, or amnesia), while the PTSD diagnosis does not include a dissociative symptom.

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This fear triggers many split-second changes in the body to prepare to defend against the danger or to avoid it. This “fight-or-flight” response is a healthy reaction meant to protect a person from harm. But in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this reaction is changed or damaged. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened even when they’re no longer in danger. ”(1 NIMH)

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Aside from my own experience, I would recommend the following and believe psychologically it is proven that dealing with the drug addiction before the PTSD is the safest and most effective method of recovery. In the case of the comorbidity between drug addiction and PTSD it can be very challenging for those who are treating the patient and present a case of dual diagnosis. The treatment of drug addiction before PTSD can be practiced through the sequential model meaning that patients with drug addiction seek treatment with their addiction before they treat their PTSD symptoms. “One study of cocaine – dependent individuals with PTSD found that improvement in PTSD was typically associated with reduction in drug use (63.6%) and that a worsening

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Tony is likely experiencing the emotional difficulty of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This can be assumed because he has experienced a traumatic event and as a result, is experiencing long-term, severe reactions. PTSD is categorized by symptoms such as re-experiencing, dissociation, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, irritable behaviour, sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating. Through his life history, we know that Tony displays many of these symptoms. Children of Tony’s age do not know much in regards to catastrophes such as the one Tony has experienced.

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This is what psychiatrist call the “fight-or-flight” response, a typical reaction meant to protect a person from harm. Nearly everyone will experience a spectrum of reactions after trauma. Most people recover from initial symptoms naturally over time; those who continue to experience problems may be diagnosed with PTSD.

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Acute stress or single exposure to stressor of minutes to hours will be not produce any ill effect as body have protective and adaptive effects managed by hormones and other physiological agents. However re-exposure has proven to be more enigmatic or difficult to reverse. Conrad et al (1999) stated that severe or prolonged exposure to stressors is harmful, brief or moderate stressors actually enhance neural function. Various behavioral studies focusing on the memory functions of the hippocampus have demonstrated that moderate stress enhances memory performance but severe stress causes adaptive plasticity and impairs memory. Prolonged stress produces interaction between local neurotransmitters and hormones leading to structural and functional damage causing suppression of neurogenesis.

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