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Power Of The Federal Government In The 19th Century

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As the country started to grow, the power of the Federal Government had also started to grow. The power that the Federal Government had, started to create conflict between the States ' and the Federal Government. By the 19th century, cases started to appear more frequently that challenged States ' rights against the National Government. Around the early 1800s, the major national concern was finical stability. The charter of the Bank of the United States had expired in 1811 and the Democratic-Republican Madison administration and the Republican Congress had failed to renew it. The War of 1812 had affected the nation 's economy, which caused many banks throughout the nation to weaken and eventually shut down. Congress had granted a charter to the Second Bank of the United States in 1816 and supplied one-fifth of its capital of 35 million dollars. Local bankers, farmers, politicians had viewed the bank as an image of power which caused the people disfavor the bank. Many of the States were disappointed with the new Second Bank of the United States. Out of all the States, one particular state that was unhappy was Maryland. Before a single form of currency was established, local banks were allowed to make loans that were issued by their own bank notes. The local banks did not have to use gold and …show more content…

The Supreme Court case McCulloch v Maryland originally originated in Maryland when the Maryland legislature decided to levy a tax on all branches of the banks. It was aimed to destroy the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States. James McCulloch was a cashier at the Baltimore branch. He was issuing bank notes without complying with the Maryland law. Maryland had sued McCulloch for refusing to pay the taxes under the Maryland statute. He had to pay the $15,000 annual tax and refused. McCulloch was fined $2,500 when a Maryland court convicted him. He went to the Maryland Court of Appeals and failed there, and then he went to the United States Supreme Court in

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McCulloch v Maryland Facts of the Case In 1819 the United States had a federal bank, the Bank of the United States. The state of Maryland taxed every person that did business with banks out of the state. Also they decided to tax the federal bank to impede their operation. They prohibited the issuing of all bank notes except the ones issued by the state. There were fees and penalties established if this regulation was violated.

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Marbury v Madison 1803 will forever and always be a Supreme Court Case that will live infamously in today’s history. During the election of 1800 against incumbent president John Adams of the Federalist Party versus the Anti-Federalist Party nominee Thomas Jefferson, with Jefferson being the victor. Before Adams were to leave the presidential office, he made what is called “midnight appointments” of new judgeships to counter act the Jeffersonians once in office. John Marshall, who was secretary of state of the time, failed to deliver seventeen commissions, one of which belonged to William Marbury. James Madison, Marshall’s successor, failed to deliver the rest of the appointments at the request of Thomas Jefferson.

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He proposed that a central bank could manage the country's finances, regulate the currency, and provide a source of credit for the government and private sector. Although the charter of the First Bank of the United States expired in 1811 and was not renewed due to political opposition, Hamilton's economic theories continued to shape the thinking of policymakers. His research and ideas were instrumental in establishing the Second National Bank in 1816 as a means to address the economic challenges facing the nation. The establishment of the Second

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Daniel Webster argued on behalf of McCulloch that the bank was a necessary and proper way for Congress to conduct the financial affairs of the country (site). and the state had no right to tax. Daniel Webster stated in the case, “An unlimited power to tax involves, necessarily, a power to destroy,” (Wheeler 1905). The decision of Supreme Court was in favor of McCulloch because the bank was created lawfully under the constitution as a function of national government. Moreover, state may impede the federal government and thus Maryland Law that directly taxed the U.S. Bank unconstitutionally interfered with the congressional

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John Marshall’s Supreme Court hearings had a positive effect on the United States. From court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland, declared that the federal courts could decide if state laws were unconstitutional. The McCulloch v. Maryland trial went to the supreme court because Maryland had put a tax in place that too 2% of all assets of the bank or a flat rate of $30,000. John Marshall saw this tax as unconstitutional for the simple fact that people were being denied their property under the state legislature. From the Gibbons v. Ogden case, congress’s power over interstate commerce was strengthened.

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Supreme Court cases can shape our national laws; it can shape an American citizen’s future. Without them, the Bill of Rights could be left up for our own interpretation. This could cause unfair laws and create havoc. In 1966, a court case named Kent vs United Sates took place. This case could create the ability to shape a juvenile's life forever.

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In Browns second case the courts overruled the Plessy v Ferguson in the matters of public schools. It was then put into action by the Courts that the states must integrate their

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Maryland passed this law to tax the federal bank. McCulloch, the President of the bank refused to pay the tax. The State of Maryland sued McCulloch, and the Supreme Court accepted the case. In the opinion written by Chief Justice Marshall, the Court ruled that the Bank of the United States was constitutional and that the Maryland tax was not. The Supreme Court said that the Bank of the United States has every right due to the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 which stated that Congress can pass laws that they consider “necessary and proper”.

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Gordon 's premise in Hamilton 's Blessing is that the national debt can be used positively in order to boost the economy of a country like the United States. In the book, Gordon uses economic history and theory to examine the start, rise and decline of the United States debt. The author opens his book by stating that this country was born in debt, and this debt has become so high that concerned individuals no longer think about it. Hamilton 's Blessing charts the history of the national debt since when the central bank of the United States was founded in 1971, up to modern days. The intellectual architect of this creation was Alexander Hamilton, the first Treasury Secretary as well as a central figure who had a deep impact on the economic

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However, another reason the case was interesting because of Justice Marshall, he was the reason the case occurred in the first place and if he disregards the writ of mandamus, it will make the Supreme Court weak thereby increasing the strength of the Executive and Legislative branches of government. Although the court could not help Marbury get his appointment using the writ of mandamus it was able to enact a judicial review. This judicial review enacted by John Marshall had various effects. It helped integrate a balanced system of checks and balance of each branch of the government even with a separation of the power system in place. But these open a loophole for other branches to interpret the constitution using the excuse of checking and balancing the judicial system.

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The government role expanded from 1877-1920 because of all the power that was being abuse by the rich. For a long time, the country dealt with inequality, such as paying anyone who was not a white man less and over working them. Not only was abused power and inequality pay depending on your color or gender or age a problem but the food was being processed with chemicals that made people sick and in other cases die. The growing of the government is good because it shortened work hours for women, made it safer to eat meat and other foods, and dealt with politicians who bought their way to office.

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One of the Supreme Court Cases that were held was Plessy V. Ferguson, which was argued on April 18, 1896 until May 18, 1896. This issue was over the law that trains, would have to provide separate accommodations to both black and white races equally. One man who was mostly Caucasian and partially African had the rights of a white citizen. For this reason, he bought a ticket for first class, however was not allowed to be seated within this area due to the judgment of a conductor. The man who is Plessy, refused what he was told to do and as a result was taken off to be imprisoned in jail.

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Many congressmen argued that a bank like this was unconstitutional, possessed a monopoly on money, and favored the commercial north over the argurutlural South. The First Bank of the United States was created in 1791. However twenty years later in the year of 1811, opponents

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The former 13 colonies of Great Britain had now became 13 independent states. The states were concerned about losing their power to the federal government. The people who were not on board for federalism gradually came on board once the Bill of Rights was promised to the constitution. The American people realized they needed a strong government to unite the country and balance the states and the federal government. “The founders

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Madison court case that took place in 1803. The law that was declared by the Supreme Court at this hearing was that a court has the power to declare an act of Congress void if it goes against the Constitution. This case took place because President John Adams had appointed William Marbury as justice of the peace in the District of Columbia, and the new president, Thomas Jefferson, did not agree with this decision. William Marbury was not appointed by the normal regulation, which was that the Secretary of State, James Madison, needed to make a notice of the appointment. James Madison did not follow through and make a notice of Marbury’s appointment; therefore, he sued James Madison, which was where the Supreme Court came in place.

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