Primary Caregiver Theory
The relationship between infants and their primary caregiver according to psychological theory has a significant impact on the infants’ development. While parental sensitivity is not likely to be the sole proximal factor responsible for at the attachment security of infants, as many other proximal and distal factors both contribute and interact, and that these factors will differ for mothers and fathers, it may still be a significant factor. A consensus must be reached as well on the definition of sensitivity, and differing methods of determining sensitivity may cause different aspects of sensitivity to be captured that may not reflect the concept as a whole. Use of the original definition provided by Ainsworth, Blechar, Waters, and Wall (1978) …show more content…
(1978) as most studies have focused on the mother-infant dyad. While the psychopathology of the primary caregiver may be a distal factor to attachment security and type, it has a direct impact on the level of maternal sensitivity and is significant as mothers’ may experience such conditions as post-partum depression. According to CDC statistics, postpartum depression has a prevalence of 11.5% in the Unites States ( and it is estimated that 17% of mothers with young children experience an increase in symptoms associated with depression (Horwitz, Briggs-Gowan, Storfer-Isser, & Carter, 2007). As psychopathology may impact the degree of maternal sensitivity, it can be used to observe the effect of sensitivity as a proximal factor of attachment strength. Belsky and Jaffee (2006) found that parents with a history of conduct disorders were also more likely to display suboptimal parenting. A meta-analysis of 35 studies with 2064 mother-infants dyads, by Atkinson, Paglia, Coolbaer, NIccols, Parker, and Guger (2000) that depression had an effect size of r=.18, suggesting a small but significant effect. Though this was greater for clinical samples than community samples, these results indicate that the effect is still present in both high-risk and low-risk groups, contracting Lickenbrock (2015) who suggested that sensitivity may only be a predictor of attachment security in high-risk homes. This is significant as effects are usually compounded with high-risk families, and so the effect of maternal sensitivity may be amplified in high-risk groups. Therefore the small but significant effect size in community samples in Atkinson et al. (2000), which is a low-risk group, as opposed to clinical samples, supports maternal sensitivity as being a significant
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Summary Of John Bowlby's Attachment Theory
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Postpartum Depression
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Postpartum Depression Family
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Bowlby Attachment Theory Essay
890 Words | 4 PagesThe babies were visited monthly and the carers were also observed and interviewed. A diary was also kept by the primary care giver (usually the mother) three measure were recorded. The first was stranger anxiety – the response to the arrival of a stranger, the second was separation anxiety – the distress levels when separated from the career and the degree of comfort upon their return and finally social referencing – the degree that the child looks at the carer to check how they should respond to something new (this is referred to as secure base). They discovered that a baby’s attachment follows in this sequence. • 0-6 weeks – Asocial –
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Essay On Attachment Theory
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Essay On Attachment In Early Life
1137 Words | 5 PagesAttachment in early life is a fundamental aspect of child development and the establishment of intimate and reciprocal relationships with caregivers. Shaffer & Kipp (2007) define attachment as ‘a close emotional relationship between two persons, characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity’. Contrary to the original view of infant attachment as a ‘secondary drive’ of the dependency on caregivers for physiological needs, such as hunger; Bowlby (1969, 1973) proposed that all infants are born with an innate bias to form an attachment to a primary attachment figure to whom they can seek comfort, or a ‘secure base’ during stressful circumstances. It is proposed by Ainsworth (1967) that parental sensitivity is crucial to shaping the security and development of the initial infant-parent attachment relationship, however the phenomenon of attachment requires both infants and caregivers to contribute in the formation of the attachment bond. Ultimately, the quality of attachment in early life shapes both the social and emotional
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