Scholars have understood Isaianic eschatology in two different ways. While some argue for postexilic, others assert apocalyptic. The postexilic proponents hold that the glorious future promises of the book of Isaiah, particularly those found in chapters 56–66, were meant to find fulfillment after the return from the Babylonian captivity. This position has several implications. First, some scholars believe that Isa 56–66 (so-called Trito-Isaiah) was written during, and reflects, the postexilic period. Therefore, Isa 56–66 is a description of the current situation of the returned exiles, but that Trito-Isaiah misunderstood Deutero-Isaiah’s references to “heaven” and “earth,” thinking that the latter was referring to a new act of divine creation