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Pros And Cons Of Affirmative Action

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My controversy is "Is the Affirmative Action having a positive effect on the United State society or Affirmative Action just not the right thing to do since it makes the society unfair to lots of people?" Affirmative action was once founded to help those people who have been suffering under segregation and domination to obtain representation in society and to balance the income disparity. Among all of the famous newspaper, the Washington Post believes that affirmative action program is "a careful effort to ensure diversity and brings more opportunities to minority." Their editorial board thinks that the decision Supreme Court has made is a right decision and government should keep forcing Affirmative Action thorough admission among the universities. …show more content…

Every American should be wary of any instance in which the government distinguishes between people based on race, with bad or good motivations. But in its ruling, the 5th Circuit offered the justices, several good reasons to side with the university" (editorial board 2). They supports that what the court had decided, they think UT Austin’s modest program is a prime example of the sort that should survive judicial scrutiny. The Washington Post also points out "The university’s opponents charge that the affirmative-action policy is unnecessary. The top 10 percent program has pulled in minority students" (editorial board 4). They say that what Fisher had done is unnecessary and any further action due to affirmative-action policy is meaningless, since they believe the top 10 percent system has already ensured lots of fairness. Here is the evidence in the current poll by The Leadership Conference. Among 1331 adults they randomly picked in United states, 59% say they think affirmative action programs designed to help blacks, women, and other minorities get better jobs and education. There is somewhat less support when the question specifically mentions giving “special preferences” to women and minorities. A question that stressed “preferential treatment” but did not talk about the program, historical unfairness or minorities, found only about 27% supporting “every possible effort” …show more content…

The site described the organization's mission as "promoting and protecting the civil and human rights of all persons in the United States through advocacy and outreach to targeted constituencies." According to the fellow organizations ,the Leadership Conference is a organization that focuses on legislative advocacy. The publication, American for a Fair Chance-Opportunity Through Affirmative, is a project of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Education Fund in partnership with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Inc. They speak the truth in a professional way, and express their opinion with persuasive words, because it is created to educate the public and the media on the ways that affirmative action benefits the nation. Both of the Leadership Conference and the Washington Post have an excellent sense on the Affirmative Action and extraordinary view on cases such like Fisher v. Texas. Especially The Leadership Conference, with the support of its legal organizations and social specialists, which is

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The Supreme Court made a mistake when they decided with the University of Texas; no college should take in race as a factor when selecting applications of students. In 2007, two female high school students applied to the University of Texas; one of the girls being Miss Abigail N. Fisher. Abigail was a caucasian, in the top 12% of her school at Stephen Austin High School, but she was denied by the University of Texas along with a friend of her’s. However,

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Fisher, but they held the the Court of Appeals did not hold the University’s admission policies to a standard of strict scrutiny so the judgement was incorrect. In previous judicial precedent in cases dealing with minority admissions, the Court has held that they are reviewable under the fourteenth amendment, these such cases must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny to determine whether the policies are precisely tailored to serve a compelling governmental interest. If the policy does not meet this standard, then race can not be considered in any admissions process. The Court stated the it was the job of the reviewing court to verify that the University policy in question was necessary to achieve a more diverse student body and the any race-neutral alternative would not achieve the same level of diversity. The Supreme Court said the lower courts did not conduct a sufficient strict scrutiny examination in this case.

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In the end the Supreme Court supported the lawfulness of affirmative action, but restricted its practice. The court’s ruling

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In Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin (“Fisher II”), the United States Supreme Court will decide the constitutionality of the University of Texas’s (“University”) affirmative action policy, the impact of which is being widely debated. Some commentators fear that the Court is poised to end affirmative action altogether, thus causing reduction in the number of minorities who are admitted to universities across the country. Others believe that the Court should use Fisher II to invalidate all race-conscious policies and endorse a color-blind admissions process. Such concerns, and the expectations of those who would like to see affirmative action eliminated, are overstated. A careful analysis of the issues in Fisher II, including the Justices’

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The civil rights area of the 1960s is over. Affirmative action policies based on racial quotas or preferences have been struck down by the Supreme Court, yet states have an interest in college admission that are diverse and reflect their general population. The University of Texas finds itself defending policies intended to conform to recent court rulings yet merely mentioning race as a factor in a holistic review has drawn a challenge. The University of Texas process of admissions aligns with Gutter V Bollinger. The facts of this case are in keeping with previous court precedents.

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The Supreme Court emphasized the learning benefits from a diverse student body. This ruling was also a win for people that are against racial preference. The ruling said, “Courts must consider whether such preferences are narrowly tailored to achieving their educational goals

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Affirmative action is the policy of giving special consideration to minorities and women. People should be chosen based on their abilities and not race, or gender. In the case of Gratz v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional if affirmative action automatically increases an applicant 's chances over others just because of their race or gender. The University of Michigan used a 150-point scale to rank applicants, with 100 points needed to guarantee admission. The University gave minorities an automatic 20-point bonus towards their score.

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Public colleges and universities in the United States use a variety of factors to determine which students will be accepted. Universities often want a student body with diverse academic interests, talents, and backgrounds. They consider factors such as applicants’ grades, standardized test scores, community service, athletic or musical ability, and geographic location. Sometimes, universities also consider an applicant’s race or ethnicity. This case is about whether the University of Texas-Austin’s admissions policies violate the Fourteenth Amendment and its guarantee of equal protection.

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The main precedent that has stuck with the court from Bakke to now Fisher is that a diverse student body is a compelling enough interest for a university to pursue. This goal is to be carried out in a narrowly tailored manner which the court has accepted as a race-conscious admissions program. The program is deemed constitutional on the basis that it only uses race as a plus factor in the admissions process. These programs, however, run in stark contrast to the provisions set forth in the Equal Protection Clause; in which the state is not allowed to treat individuals differently based on the category of race. The race-conscious admissions program albeit better than a pure quota system still uses race as a crucial factor.

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At least four Supreme Court justices believe that affirmative action is unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Roberts has said that “the way to stop discriminating on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race”. This viewpoint offers no differentiation between “race consciousness” and “racism”, but is a quite common opinion. This sort of viewpoint is what may drive America towards class-based rather than race-based affirmative action. Because of the disparities in income and wealth, minorities are as likely as whites to benefit under a class-based policy.

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Society today is extremely proficient at discussing societal issues. Every day it seems we can add another term to describe the interactive experiences of persons within society. Every day we have conversations about these issues. Every day, it seems, we are willing to sit and theorize about how we can remedy these issues but ,very rarely, are we given an embodied lecture on how and when we perpetuate these thoroughly discussed and theorized societal issues. This is what I believe the theatre brings to table.

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(Economist). It is also reverse discrimination. Although blacks and Hispanics have been discriminated against in the past, that does not justify discrimination towards non-minorities in the present day (Mtholyoke). Despite affirmative action being a surefire way to guarantee diversity in schools, those who rightfully qualify for their places in certain colleges should have equal opportunities to be accepted, no matter their

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Affirmative action started during the Civil Rights Movement, when President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 that would create the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, “comprised of representatives from the major federal agencies and the public, and included a new nondiscrimination clause for all government contracts” (Sewell, 2004, p. 357). This committee would be federally funded for their projects, such as affirmative action, to make sure that all hiring and employment policies were free of discrimination. Eventually, these affirmative action practices were adopted by colleges and universities. While in its beginning, many people saw affirmative action as a form of reverse discrimination, but today it is one of the most debated topics because many people view it as unfair. This is because those jobs or positions may not be going to the most qualified candidate for that job or position, and some feel that they are being penalized just because of their

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Throughout the case’s journey through the lower courts, the University of Texas continually referred to “critical mass,” their preferred measure for diversity on campus, which is necessary to enhance students’ learning experiences(Fisher v. University of Texas). However, their “critical mass” standard was never defined: “UT has not explained in anything other than the vaguest terms what it means by ‘critical mass.’ In fact, UT argues that it need not identify any interest more specific than ‘securing the educational benefits of diversity’” (Alito). Consideration of race requires a compelling interest, but Justice Alito argues that the University’s interest is intentionally vague and cannot be upheld by a court of law.

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As far as morality and justice are concerned, if a school or business or government declines to practice affirmative action, that’s okay” – says the

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