It has been recently recognized in the early twenty first century that the power of persuasion could take over the human brain subconsciously. Positive outcomes of anticipated communication are known as placebo effects. Is it now possible for a physician, when stating negative side effects to a patient , to make the effect more likely to arise? There is little to no direct experimentation done on this particular topic because it poses a great ethical controversy. The expectation of certain outcomes from a patient can pose great harm to all people, when the patient has deduced a negative outcome , usually after the physician concurs with the statement, it is known as the nocebo effect. The causes and underlying biology of the nocebo effect, a phenomenon where a physician's mention of possible negative side effects of a completely inert drug results in patients actually experiencing these side effects, remain a scientific enigma. The nocebo effect known as the evil twin of the placebo effect fills the brains of humans with trepidation which may be causing very brutal physical trauma. Unlike down syndrome and trisomy-13, the nocebo effect is not a disease because all human beings are able to undergo it. “By definition, a nocebo effect is the induction of a symptom perceived as negative by sham …show more content…
People who feel disbelief in the positive answer of a physician could lead to increased anger and stress and negative reinforce is way more powerful than positive reinforcement, which is placebo (Nocebo Placebo, sciencedaily.com). That is only if the actual physician who is trusted by a patient communicates with the patient the possible outcomes of consuming certain prescribed medicine and being malnutritious. In a journal that the University of Exeter published, it states ¨There may be no physiological reason that you're experiencing pain¨(University of exeter,