ipl-logo

Psychological Contract Theories

1996 Words8 Pages

The term psychological contract has been around since the 1960s and ever since then there has been many definitions. Roehling (1997) credits Argyris with introducing the term psychological contract. He referred to the relationship between the employee and the foreman suggesting that this relationship had a stronger influence on attitudes and performance of employees than that of their actual written contract. This theory was further developed by respected authors such as Sparrow and Schein. Armstrong (2006) quotes Scheins definition as “the notion of a psychological contract implies that there is an unwritten set of expectations operating at all times between every member of an organisation and the various managers and others in that organisation”. …show more content…

The psychological contract develops and evolves constantly based on communication, or lack thereof, between the employee and the employer. Promises over promotion or salary increases, for example, may form part of the psychological contract.
Managing expectations is a key behaviour for employers so that they do not accidentally give employees the wrong perception of action which then does not materialise. Employees should also manage expectations so that, for example, difficult situations or adverse personal circumstances that affect productivity are not seen by management as deviant.
Perceived breaches of the psychological contract can severely damage the relationship between employer and employee, leading to disengagement, reduced productivity and in some cases workplace deviance. Fairness is a significant part of the psychological contract, bound up in equity theory. Employees need to perceive that they are being treated fairly to sustain a healthy psychological …show more content…

Granted, there are occupations where employees face significant risk for injury, such as protective services jobs in police and fire departments. However, employees expect that they can work collaboratively without worrying that they will face threatening acts or unsafe conditions in the workplace. In my opinion, employees expect safe working environment because they need a peaceful environment for working. Peaceful environment will make employees feel enjoy to work. Employers should provide such as fire extinguish, first aid box for safe working environment that expected from

Show More
Related

Organizational Behavior Issues In Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant

5624 Words | 23 Pages

Employees at the plant also perceive a breakdown in their psychological contract with the organization.

Read More

Ehrenreich's Working Conditions

109 Words | 1 Pages

Most of the working conditions are bad and very insecure. Employers must give their employees good and safe working conditions.

Read More

Hochschild's Argumentative Analysis

359 Words | 2 Pages

Both Hochschild and Davies claim that the emotional labor of the workers is being exploited by employers to gain a profit, suggesting that the control of emotional labor influences productivity. Hochschild, using the flight attendant as an example, illustrates the negative effects of emotional labor on the job. The worker is told that her smile is her best asset (Hochschild 4). No longer is her smile a true representation of her feelings, it is part of the product being sold to the consumer (Hochschild 4). The smile equals good customer service, which in return grants good ratings and a profit for the company because of the increase in sales (Hochschild 6).

Read More

Concussions In Workplace

2022 Words | 9 Pages

There are many ways to prevent workplace head injuries. The employee must know their rights of the workplace. The worker must work on safe machines and wear safe personal protective equipment. The worker must also report all workplace injuries without being scared of retaliation. (Osha) OSHA is Occupational Safety and Health Administration and they create safe and healthful working conditions for men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.

Read More

Essay On Self Checkout

773 Words | 4 Pages

This is why I say there needs to be a certain balance in the workplace. A balance that benefits the employees and

Read More

Examining George Herbert Mead

747 Words | 3 Pages

Due to the employee being involved in the daily activities, meet all expectations, this is what Mead defines as the “generalized other” (Cuzzort & King, 2002, p. 331). The employee is able to function within the work environment. If employees continue to do what is require of them in this environment, they are reward in particular signs. This allows the employee to be favorable for other jobs, promotion, and personal

Read More

Contractarianism Vs Social Contract Theory

255 Words | 2 Pages

1. Contractarianism or Social contract theory states by Vaughn that the morals arise from a social contract for self-interested and rational people to follow in order to maintain peace, prosperity, and safety. The goal of Contractarianism to make the society more of a livable place, instead of a dog-eat-dog work and everyone being egotistical and only helping themselves out. The social contract makes this a valid theory because as long as everyone agrees to obey practical and beneficial rules.

Read More

Employee Behavior Management Case Study: Beau Street Runners, Inc.

794 Words | 4 Pages

Unless the company trains the employees for their expectations, some whose background or culture defers from the expected outcome, may never understand or know that these behaviors are a requirement and not a

Read More

Health Inequalities Essay

894 Words | 4 Pages

Poor mental health outcomes are associated with precarious employment (e.g. non-fixed term temporary contracts, being employed with no contract, and part-time work) (Artazcoz et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2006). Workers who perceive work insecurity experience significant adverse effects on their physical and mental health (Ferrie et al., 2002).

Read More

Herzberg's Theory Of Money And Motivation

850 Words | 4 Pages

Other dissatisfaction from Herzberg’s list of hygiene factors, such as working conditions or the quality of management, can loom longer in some people’s mind when they fail to get the satisfaction they need from work itself. Furthermore the theory asserts that although money is a motivator but it will not motivate all individuals since human being needs differ. What is mostly recommended is to practice performance related pay scheme which will cause every individual to be well motivated and hence high performing individuals since money provides the means to achieve a number of different ends. Study made by (Jacques, 1961) as quoted by (Armstrong, 2006,p.268) has got a role on this theory in which she argued that, the reward should be clearly related to effort or level of pursuing responsibilities and people should not receive less money than they deserve compared to other workers and this was named as ‘felt- fair’

Read More

Internal And External Factors That Influence Safety Culture

1409 Words | 6 Pages

Introduction  There are many factors which shape health and safety at work and safety culture is one of them. The purpose of this paper is to explore that factors surround safety culture in an organization.  Safety culture can be define as internal and external factors which may impact an organisation negatively or positively. Some of those impact can be influence by management commitment, communication, production service demand, competence and employee representative Hughes and Ferrett, (2009).These internal factors can be portrayed differently in business and organisation because of their agenda-setting. Reason for this is that every company has what it would like to accomplish on a daily basis and some of those internal factors can influence the

Read More

Theories Of Behaviour

1659 Words | 7 Pages

Behaviour is the way in which we act, speak and treat other people and our environment. Children and young people whose early social and emotional development is positive are more likely to make friends, settle well into school and understand how to behave appropriately in different situations. They have strong self- esteem and a sense of self- worth, but also have a feeling of empathy for others. They understand what the boundaries are, and why they are necessary. Behaviour has a significant impact on current and later success for children and young people, in terms of their social skill development, education and employment.

Read More

Essay On Occupational Wellness

1654 Words | 7 Pages

The adjustment of employees into their jobs and working environment is something that needs to be of importance in any organisation. According to Davis & Lafquist (1984), Maladjustment is also something that needs to be addressed very carefully in an organisation as not all maladjusted employee cases are due to their individual personality characteristics but could be due to the lack of congruence between an employee and their working environment (as cited in Acutt & Hattingh, 2011). Some of the criteria’s used to distinguish between adjustment and maladjustment in the workplace as described by Bergh (1992), is as follows: • An individual’s attitude and observations towards their own personality • An individual’s level of growth, development as well as self-actualisation in a particular role in the organisation • An individual’s ability to embrace as well as cope with certain environmental impacts or

Read More

Political Landscape Essay

1101 Words | 5 Pages

Employee interaction holds the potential to be either positive or negative (i.e. cooperative or

Read More

Essay On Importance Of Operation Management

1486 Words | 6 Pages

Safety at the workplace will also help to lower down costs by curtailing off insurance costs, lost costs and legal fees. These costs could be incurred if the safety of the

Read More

More about Psychological Contract Theories

Related Topics

Open Document