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Psychology: Scientific, Comprehensive, Testableapproaches

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To discuss whether psychology approaches is good or bad, there are 5 criteria point of view to analysis, which discuss whether the approach is scientific, systematic, comprehensive, testable, and application or not.Based on above 5 critiques, we can analysis that behaviorism is strengths in scientific, systematic, testable, and application view.First of all, behaviorismemphasis researched on directive, objective behavior observation. Therefore, it is easier to quantify and collect data and information when conducting research. Thus, behaviorism is one of the Testableapproaches in psychology.Second, systematic study (2013) is “looking at relationship, attempting to attribute causes and effects”. Based on the assumption of behaviorism, all behavior patterns can be explained and influenced by …show more content…

Thus, behaviorism is scientific study.Finally ofstrengths in behaviorism, theory is application in both therapypart and educational part. In therapy part, behaviorism has a lot of effective therapeutic techniques, such as, intensive behavioral intervention, behavior analysis - such as ABC assessment, token economies, and systematic desensitization, etc. Above techniques are often able to use in changing maladaptive behavior (based on changing maladaptive environment) or harmful behavior(based on exposed of reinforcements)in both child andadult.In educational part,using rewards and punishments in school learning can increase the effective in teaching.In physical education class, teacher can make use of exam to measure observable behavior of learning. Also, teachers are able to use Audio-lingual method (Barker & James, 2001) to language teaching and conditions of learning (Robert, Briggs & Wager, 1992) to break down of the instruction

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Behaviourism The behaviourism theory is based on human and animal behaviour being shaped by conditioning and environmental factors. Behaviourists believe that unusual behaviours are caused by a person not adjusting adequately or appropriately to the environment or situation and learning or accidentally learning this response from the start. Behaviour therapy, aversions therapy and shaping are used as an intervention to change the persons response and make the responses more adaptive. The use of positive reinforcement is a can be very effective in changing a person or animals behaviour.

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There are three branches of behavior analysis: behaviorism, the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB), and applied behavior analysis (ABA) (Cooper et al., 2020). All three branches are interrelated, and each branch must be understood in order to have a basic understanding of behavior analysis, as a whole (Cooper et al., 2020). The branch of behaviorism refers to the philosophy of the science of behavior (Cooper et al., 2020). The field of experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) focuses on basic science research in behavior analysis, and applied behavior analysis (ABA) focuses on developing methods for improving behaviors of social significance (Cooper et al., 2020). In order to understand and implement ABA effectively, it is important to explore the history of behaviorism and how the philosophical perspectives have shifted over time.

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Behaviorism was selected as a topic because of its significance in comprehending human behavior and learning. It has been applied in a wide range of settings and has been investigated by numerous psychologists. This annotated bibliography examines several materials related to behaviorism. You may learn more about behaviorism's history, application, and definition from these sources. You may discover more about this crucial approach to understanding behavior by reading and analyzing these sources.

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547 Words | 3 Pages

The primary premise of behaviorism is to approach the study of psychology through the direct observation of stimulus-response behavior in order to collect and report objective empirical evidence in a scientific research study. Although there are a few different theoretical models of behaviorism in modern psychology, one of the first behaviorist approaches was that of J. Watson’s (1913) methodological behaviorism or the “behaviorist manifesto” (McLeod, 2017). The basic premise of this method was to develop a method of research that would allow for some control over operational definitions (e.g., observable variable and measurable events) in order to record empirical data according to a more traditional scientific method. Therefore, the target

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Behaviorist theory or we can call it “behaviorism”. It was started in 19th and the early of the 20th century and the producer of this theory is John Watson a psychologist. John’s perspective or point of view was affected by the research of Russian physiologists, Pavlov and Skinner. We will present the main points of the behaviorist theory which is the idea of the behaviorist theory with examples to clarify it, types of the ways of learning in behaviorist theory and the disadvantages or the critics that has been found about the behaviorist theory. Behaviorist theory is about learning by repetition, the more the repetition the more the person will learn.

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The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.

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Main premises standing behind the science of psychology is an explanation and differentiation between a normal and abnormal behaviour. The way how a society perceived and described the abnormal behaviour has been evaluating throughout the years. Although, these days, two of most popular models deserve a particular attention. The first one called the biological approach, believes that the abnormal behaviour has its source in a physical difficulties. Second one, the behaviourist approach assumes that the abnormal behaviour depends on the environmental influence.

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Modern psychology now bases its theories in feasibility and replicability. The fact that most of the constructs in Freud’s theory such as the id, ego and superego cannot be tested and proven has made the theory invalid today. On the other hand, behaviorism is still very valid as its based on scientific laboratory experiments. Behaviorism has been replicated in many studies with the same results being achieved. The theory is still valid in modern therapeutic applications through behavior modification and behavioral therapy e.g flooding and shaping.

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It also suggests that behavior is the result of a stimulus, either positive or negative reinforcement, and is determined by the individual’s environment. Behaviorists believe that behavior can be objectively and scientifically measured. Behavioral human nature can, simply put, be observed through experiments and lab studies. A well-known, noted example of this would be the experiments with Pavlov’s Dogs, and the Skinner Box. Although behavioral theory provides highly applicable therapy, it disregards mediational process, biology, and implies that individuals have little or no free-will.

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I work with mainly at risk students, who I find, really strive on being offered rewards, more so than punishments, for following classroom expectations, answering questions correctly, and doing their work. A teacher who believes in the behaviorism theory would offer a lot of rewards and punishments in order to change or reach a desired behavior/learning. To determine if these rewards or punishments are working and the student is learning, then the teacher would need to base that on their observations of the student. Currently, I see the behaviorism theory implemented often within technology.

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Behaviorism, on the other hand, is a psychological approach, which combines different elements of psychology, methodologies, and theory. Therefore, this means that behaviorism is mainly concerned with the observable and measurable aspects of human behaviors. That is why in

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John B. Watson Theory of behaviorism: The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Behaviorism was established with the publication of Watson 's classic paper, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It (1913). Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.

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705 Words | 3 Pages

In its most general sense, Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning developing as a result of the ideas and beliefs shared by a group of people who has influenced educators’ view of learning. The term behavioral psychology refers to a psychological approach which principally concerned with stimulus-response activities and emphasizes the role of environmental factors in a learning process, to the exclusion of own free will. There is a tenet of behavioral psychology that “only observable, measurable, an outward behavior is worth investigating” (Bush, 2006, p. 14). Historically speaking, behaviorism was originated in the 1880s and develops gradually in the twentieth-first century and beyond. Skinner and

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This theory is simply easy to comprehend because it only depend on the visible behavior and define few universal principles. But there are criticism on this theory • The theory is not for all the type of learning since it does not focuses on the mental. • BEHAVIORISM IS NOT FOR ALL LEARNERS NOR TEACHERS.

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It claims that psychology should concern itself with the behavior of organisms (human and nonhuman animals). Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or with constructing internal information processing accounts of behavior. According to methodological behaviorism, reference to mental states, such as an animal's beliefs or desires, adds nothing to what psychology can and should understand about the sources of behavior. Mental states are private entities which, given the necessary publicity of science, do not form proper objects of empirical study. Methodological behaviorism is a dominant theme in the writings of John Watson

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