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Racial discrimination in the united states criminal justice system
Racial discrimination in the united states criminal justice system
Racial discrimination in the united states criminal justice system
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In Pollack's book, she points out the racial disparity in being classified as an offender qualifying for mental health assistance. Pollack notes that white people are more likely classified as mentally ill, whereas institutions view potential mental health issues as behavioral problems in minorities. In the section on biological causes in van Wormer's book,
Azcourts.gov Arizona Judicial Branch" (2017), “Evidence-based practice (EBP) - means strategies that have been shown through current, scientific research to lead to a reduction in recidivism. EBP is a body of research done through meta-analysis (a study of studies) that has provided tools and techniques that have been proven to be effective at reducing recidivism. These tools and techniques allow probation officers to determine risk and criminogenic characteristics of probationers and place them in appropriate supervision levels and programs. There are eight evidence-based principles for effective offender interventions” (Evidence Based Practice). I may make recommendations for consequences based upon a juvenile’s adjudication.
The role of a predisposition report writer as a juvenile probation officer in the juvenile justice system is to provide the court with a full history of the youth offender, including everything from past criminal history, education, family history, and more. The predisposition writer’s job is to interview family, friends, teachers, victims, and the youth offender to compare all information and make a formal report of the events that occurred. The report will also highlight possible treatment plans, rehabilitation, restitution, or other sanctions. The goal of the predisposition writer in the juvenile justice system is to gather the best information possible through reliable interviewee’s so that the best treatment plan can be prescribed.
Low self esteem and discrimination are big factors in a juvenile committing delinquent
In 1991, an African American man named Anthony Wright confessed to the rape, robbery, and brutal murder of a 77-year-old woman. However, he later retracted his confession, asserting that it had been coerced by police, and requested DNA testing on the evidence prove his innocence. Despite his ardent attempts to reclaim his innocence, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania rejected the request based on the simple fact that he had previously confessed to the crime, which therefore prevented him from being able to claim his innocence (Commonwealth v. Wright, 2007). On behalf of Wright’s case, in 2008 the American Psychological Association filed an amicus curiae brief that described the many possible causes of false confessions and their role in wrongful convictions. In 2011, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania recognized that, although a confession may be admitted during trial, it does not necessarily mean that the confession was true.
The juvenile justice system is a system created to handle minors who are convicted of crimes to separate them from adult court. The justice system has many problems with racial discrimination amongst juveniles. The four theories explain the reasons sociologists explain why they believe such discrimination against other race happens. The strain theorists believe strain and stressful things on racial discrimination among juvenile delinquents are the reason why there is an increase in juvenile delinquency. The control theorists idea is that people with low levels of control especially in racial situations are more likely to have an increase in delinquency.
In most cases, felons are the result of failed social structures to begin with. It is form of discrimination. Felons should be allowed to vote on issues that affect their society. If they are born citizens of the United States, then they have the right to vote and should be able to vote after serving their punishment. A right is NOT a privilege and therefore should not be taken away, unless the crime committed relates to or specifically abuses that particular right.
• Mental disorders are the major causes of disability in Philadelphia County • As a matter of fact, 25% of the years of most individual in this County are lost either in premature mortality or in disability • The statistics are as follows: • 40.2% of Philadelphia city County residents identified mental illness as either a major or moderate problem in the • County; 5.7% said mental illness was a major or moderate problem in their own home. In conclusion, health disparity in the county remains a persistent problem, this has to lead to certain groups being at higher risk of being uninsured, having more restricted access to care, getting poorer quality of care, and ultimately experiencing worse health outcomes. While health disparity is most of the time viewed through the lens of race and ethnicity, they happen throughout a wide range of sizes and reflect a difficult set of individual, social, and environmental factors.
Since African-American men are likely to be imprisoned than other men, African American kids encounter an exceptional and unique weakness (Mass imprisonment and childhood behavioral problems, 2011). Accordingly, mass imprisonment makes an arrangement of abuse for some of the society 's most helpless
Research has shown that transferring adolescents from juvenile court to criminal court increases the recidivism rate. Thus, exposing minors to adult treatment increases crime. Generally, juvenile detention facilities are equip for rehabilitation, offering programs to aid reformation. Society does not hold youth to the same maturity level of an adult. Furthermore, juveniles are not afforded the same rights as adults (e.g. smoking, drinking, voting) because we understand their inability to make responsible decisions.
One of the biggest controversies in society today is concerning whether or not the criminal justice system is racially bias. It is clear that blacks are overrepresented in America’s prison system. For example, they are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of white people and “constitute for nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated population” (Criminal Justice). Although this is true, the disproportionate number of black men serving time in the criminal justice system is due to circumstance, not necessarily race. While there are some judges, police officers, or other officials who may have a racial bias towards black people, in the majority of cases blacks are not arrested because their race, they are arrested because they
Annotated bibliography Childress, S. (2016, June 2). More States Consider Raising the Age for Juvenile Crime. Retrieved from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/more-states-consider-raising-the-age-for-juvenile-crime/ More states are considering to raising the age for juvenile crimes before being tried as adult because young offender's mental capacity. The idea is to cut the cost of incarcerate young offender in adult prison and ensure offenders to receive proper education and specialized care to change their behavior. Putting children in adult prison does not deter crime.
This increases the chances for their poor and minority children to experience further future racial and class inequality. We need to consider the long-term consequences of this family’s current situation as engage with them. Several implications arise when we consider parental/familial incarceration and the impact it has on their family members left behind. Incarceration elevates risk of divorce or separation, reduces financial resources and security of the partners and children left behind, increases child behavioral problems, increases social marginalization and other negative economic, health and well-being outcomes (Wildeman & Western, 2010; Sugie, 2012). Knowing what we do regarding social determinants of health, these are important issues to keep in mind in our work with this
Peterson, J., Skeem, J.L., Hart, E., Vidal, S. & Keith, F. (2010). Analyzing Offense Patterns as a Function of Mental Illness to Test the Criminalization Hypothesis. Psychiatric Services, Vol. 61, No. 12: 1217-1222. Rotter, M. & Carr, A. (2011).
(1988). Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice and Law (3rd ed.). United States of America: West Publishing Company. Wright, W. &.
