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Racial Injustice

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The first reading “From Slavery to Mass Incarceration” by Loïc Waquant analyzes how racial injustice has been continually perpetuated from 1618 to modern times, through the use of four racial institutions: Slavery, Jim Crow laws, Ghetto, Hyperghettos and Prisons. As we have discussed in class the differentiation between black and white was used to justify slavery and reducing slaves to live property instead of people. In doing so they were deprived from basic human rights and status. As slavery, it was officially abolished, its basis was still intact in the form of sharecropping, which indebted the workers to the land owner. Racial fear still escalated, which lead to the creation of Jim Crow laws to once again separate the two races, by dehumanizing …show more content…

As we have learned in previous readings, people relate crime to the typical criminal which is characterized as black, poor, urban and male. This racial typification has led to greater social control, which currently aims at reducing crime and deviance, as stated in our previous reading. We also know that media, specifically the news plays a big role in perpetuated these racial stereotypes and fear through the selection of the violent crimes and criminals they portray. This perpetuated fear affects mainly whites, which leads to their support in harsher punishments and policies that are directed towards blacks because whites support the idea that crime is racial as evidenced through their exaggeration of black involvement in violent crime and burglary. Of course, other variables like education, religious beliefs, and racial prejudice impact this view that crime is a racial activity, but even after controlling for these mainly whites still use racially typification to substantially support harsh punishments and polices. Especially whites who were categorized as less concerned about crime, perceived it to be less violent and were less racially prejudiced but are politically conservative. These harsher punishments and policies intend to act as

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Contradictory to common knowledge, the media rarely portrays the objective truth concerning crime. There is always some form of bias behind the scenes, whether it is conscious or not. The effect of these biases is crime myths– false beliefs about crime (Kappeler & Potter, 2006). Bias-influenced crime myths penetrate popular culture and the media, impacting public views and legislative outcomes. Hegemonic crime myths further the incorrect stereotypes inflicting more damage to the perception of race, class, and gender minorities while counter-hegemonic crime myths provide an opposing view (Kappeler and Potter, 2017).

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“More African Americans are under the control of the criminal justice system today – in prison or jail, on probation or parole – than were enslaved in 1850.” For this reason I decided to write my essay reflecting the documentary of Slavery By Another Name. Even though the 13th Amendment abolished slavery, it had an exception. Slavery was still legal as a form of punishment for a crime. With the abolishment of slavery many jobs were left unfilled.

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As the bus approached the curve, everyone gathered their belongings. As I gathered mine, I saw a large group of African-American males approaching the bus. When other students began departing from the bus, four of them were attacked by the group of boys and one is left on the ground with a concussion and no phone. Looking at each other with bewilderment and fear, everyone was aghast. The group of boys ran away.

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Our society has been subject to different forms of injustice for hundreds of years, such as slavery followed by decades segregation and discrimination. Discrimination is a common thread in the United States throughout the years, and even though slavery has ended, discrimination continues today in many forms. People who have felt discriminated against have responded in many ways from the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s to the Black Lives Matter movement of today. Los Angeles in the 1990s was still a place of segregation that led to discrimination and racial tension. The Los Angeles riots (or the Rodney King riots) in 1992, were another painful but eye opening event in the long fight for justice.

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Jury Systems and Racial Injustice Juries are the way we make sure trials are fair, but when your jury is biased the result of the trial are often inequitable. Today we do our best to make sure trials have impartial jurors, but this was not always the case. In the 1930’s, and a lot of other decades too, the right for African Americans to have an unbiased jury was not fulfilled. This caused many African Americans to be sentenced to death when they otherwise would not have been.

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In her book, The Color of Crime, author Katheryn Russell-Brown analyzes the roles that race, gender, and ethnicity play on crime in the United States, particularly how African Americans are viewed and effected by the views held by law and policymakers, law enforcement officers, and judges. The second edition of Russell-Brown’s book is a revision of her first edition, originally published in 1998, which was updated to address modernity issues, topics, and cases. Throughout, Russell-Brown focused on the balancing of heavy in-depth statistical information with specific cases to exemplify her views. The first chapter addressed the historical and current inaccurate portrayal of race in the mass media, while the second chapter discussed the conversation

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Urban Injustice: How Ghettos Happen, explains that the gap between the rich and the poor in the United States is greater than it has been in thirty years (Hilfiker & Edelman, 2002). Furthermore, every forty three seconds, a child is born into poverty (Hilfiker & Edelman, 2002, p. IX). Those citizens most affected by these realities are African Americans (Hilfiker, 2002). These people face unique hardships and oppression as compared to the rest of the population. A 1990 survey of non-black respondents found that sixty five percent of those surveyed believed that blacks were lazier than other races.

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The author’s hypothesis that white female offenders are portrayed more favorably in the media than minority female offenders is supported. According to Brennan and Vandenberg (2009), “Figure 1 indicates that stories about white women were nearly three times more likely to have an overall favorable tone than were stories about minority women (47.8 percent versus 16.7 percent, respectively). We reached the opposite conclusion when we examined how race/ethnicity was related to stories that were overwhelmingly unfavorable. Specifically, while two-thirds of the stories about minority women were predominantly negative, only about one-quarter of the stories about white women had a similar tone” (p. 156). These results show that stories of white women were often more favorable, while stories of minority women were often more negative.

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