ipl-logo

OA Classification Essay

992 Words4 Pages

Radiographs are commonly used for classifying OA. Kellgren and Lawrence in 1957 developed classification for OA based on radiographic findings. They graded OA by comparing the index radiograph with a reproduction in a radiographic atlas. The criteria for grading OA are related to the sequential presence of osteophytes, narrowing of the joint space and subchondral sclerosis. The criteria are based on the presence of radiological features such as, “a) the formation of osteophytes on the joint margins or, in the case of the knee joint on the tibial spine, b) a presence of periarticular ossicles, c) narrowing of the joint cartilage associated with sclerosis of the subchondral bone, d) small pseudocystic areas with sclerotic walls situated usually …show more content…

Obesity is regarded as a health problem since it is associated with numerous co-morbidities, including type-2 diabetes, stroke, heart disease and some cancers (Department of Health, 2004). In recent years, statistics have suggested the existence of a global obesity ‘epidemic’ (WHO, 2000), posing a significant challenge to healthcare systems and governments over how to ‘cure’ and ‘manage’ the condition. Consequently, the trend toward increasing prevalence of obesity in older adults will lead to an increase in unhealthy life years and health-care costs (De Caria et al., 2012). This concept of the pathogenesis of obesity as a disease allows an easy division of disadvantage of obesity into those produced by the mass of fat and those produced by the metabolic effects of fat cells. In the former category are the social disabilities resulting from the stigma associated with obesity, sleep apnea that results in part from increased parapharyngeal fat deposits, and osteoarthritis resulting from the wear and tear on joints from carrying an increased mass of fat. The second category includes the metabolic factors associated with distant effects of products released from enlarged fat cells (Bray, 2004). In developed countries, the incidence of individuals with a BMI 30 kg/m2 generally increases up to the age of 60years and decreases thereafter. Energy turnover (intake, TEE, and components of TEE, such as BMR) progressively decrease with age; generally to a greater extent in those with chronic diseases. (Elia, 2001; Houston et al., 2009

Show More
Related
833 Words | 4 Pages

The opinion piece, "Ban the bag before it's too late", published by The Daily Chronicle on 27 May 2008, contends to the Federal Government as well as the citizens of Australia to inform them that they need to ban plastic bags in Australia. Plastic bags contributes to environmental problems, the potential threats to wildlife and the fact that other nations have already been making progress to ban plastic bags shows that Australia has to make a change as well. The author sets their article in an authoritative tone towards all citizens of Australia to emphasise the negative effects of plastic bags. Furthermore, the image provided represented the plastic bags being disposed of and being dumped in the environment which is another example that contributes

Read More
631 Words | 3 Pages

Saletan gives more than enough information on how, when, and what is happening worldwide about obesity. Although he does not give a solution, he still made an eye opening experience while reading this essay. Obesity is now happening worldwide. Yes I said it, worldwide according to Saletan. “Egyptian, Mexican, and South African women are as fat as American”, he claims in the second paragraph.

Read More
160 Words | 1 Pages

Diet and obesity are major contributors to health inconsistency, with the most deprived being most at risk. This is due to the poorest living in run-down areas with no reasonably priced nutritional food available from local shops. If they are unable to afford the costs of travelling to areas supplying this, or if they are time poor then cooking beneficial meals is difficult then they are more likely to buy cheap, fatty products. The involvement of the government in the population’s lifestyle means that they should be accountable for the effects that come alongside an unhealthy regime, such as an increase in health problems such as Coronary heart disease. This means that the treatment an individual receives shouldn’t be approached differently

Read More
390 Words | 2 Pages

Osgood-Schlatter Disease Osgood-Schlatter disease is an inflammation of the area below your kneecap called the tibial tubercle. There is pain and tenderness in this area because of the inflammation. It is most often seen in children and adolescents during the time of growth spurts. The muscles and cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone (tendons) tighten as the bones are becoming longer. This puts more strain on areas of tendon attachment.

Read More
754 Words | 4 Pages

Malcolm Kendrick ’s rebuttal to the BMI controversy in Doctoring Data Malcolm Kendrick discusses the controversial issue of body mass index, or BMI, and its relationship to life expectancy in his book Doctoring Data. Kendrick explains that BMI is categorized into three parts, underweight, normal weight and overweight, which suggests that normal weight should be beneficial to ones health. Although it is common thought that normal weight should benefit ones health, a paper published by The Journal of American Medical Association states that being “overweight was not associated with excess mortality” (Flegal).

Read More
1242 Words | 5 Pages

Have you ever watched a movie, tv show or short film that has enticed you to feel a certain way, provided pivotal information, or watched a documentary that was intriguing recently? Directors, script writers and authors attempt to appeal to the reader’s senses and emotional sides to get their points across and keep their intended audiences interested. Authors use ethos, logos, and pathos to connect their attended audience to their article or book. In “Weigh Loss Diets : Are They All the Same?”

Read More
1585 Words | 7 Pages

While most types of diabetes can affect those who are obese, type 2 can also affect people who are non-obese; for this type, there is no discrimination between people who have lean and fat body mass. The “adipose expandability” theory states that the capacity of adipose tissue is limited and different for each person. The risk for the redirection of lipid collection to other adipose depots and even other lipocyte cycles increases; lipotoxic conditions such as inflammation and insulin resistance are just participants in developing Type 2 diabetes and other adipose-related metabolic diseases (Salvatore 4.1,

Read More
2648 Words | 11 Pages

Swiss Med wkly 2007;137:431-4. Tagliaferri M, Berselli ME, CalòG, Minocci A, Savia G, Petroni ML, etal. Subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients: Relation to resting energy expenditure, serum leptin, body composition, and lipid profile. Obes Res 2001;9:196-201. Kundsen N, Lamberg P, Rasmussen LB, Bulow I, Perrild H, Ovessen L et al.

Read More
1772 Words | 8 Pages

Childhood obesity was defined as one of the epidemics of our modern society and it has changed to pandemic (WHO, 2000) due to increased number of cases around the world. The latest report from the World Health Organization confirmed 42 million infants and young children were overweight and obese (WHO, 2013). Australia experienced a high rate of obesity in the adult population and a fast growing increase in childhood obesity, counting 1 in 4 children becoming obese. This situation makes a big burden to the Public health system due to the expenditure of health promotions and interventions to increase healthy eating and physical activity in order to decrease levels of obesity (Australia Government, 2009). Development countries have been experiencing

Read More
801 Words | 4 Pages

We are able to store fat, which in turn makes it possible so that we can survive for many months without dying. In the last few decades it seems as though our bodies are continuing to store fat, even when it is not needed. This is causing obesity. In today’s times we no longer need to put out as much physical activity as was once needed and we have food so easily accessible to us at all times that it has put us in a situation where we are taking in more food then we need. Scientists have recently started to look for the ways our bodies work when it comes to a regulatory system for fat.

Read More
787 Words | 4 Pages

MAIN POINT 3- Lastly, obesity has a chance on your health. Obesity could possibly lead you to diabetes, heart disease, and even death. TRANSITION SENTENCE

Read More
535 Words | 3 Pages

Obesity remains a growing epidemic that affects people who continually overindulge, causing weight gain which affects many countries and communities around the world especially the United States. During the last couple decade obesity has doubled and threatened people 's health because of adverse habits of overeating. Due to the advancement of mobile technology, fewer individuals perform physical labor. Instead, many people work from a computer where they spend long hours sitting at a desk consuming junk food non-physicality activity that leads to obesity. Consequently, some of the expense to the community regarding how obesity occurs causing medical complications of diabetes, heart attacks, and high blood pressure which produce expense on the economy.

Read More
785 Words | 4 Pages

The trend of obesity is growing fast in the United States. A graph shown on the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases shows the prevalence of obesity among Americans has significantly increased particularly in the 1980’s. Most people ask themselves “What’s the difference between being overweight and being obese? Isn’t the same thing?”

Read More
606 Words | 3 Pages

To change the world we need to combat obesity! Being that obesity is the 5th leading cause of deaths worldwide it has become a major issue (EASO, n.d.). Obesity is no longer just in the high income countries we associate it with, it’s now prevalent in middle and low income countries as well. This is cause for concern because now 65% of the world’s population lives in a country where more people die from being overweight or obese instead of being underweight. Death is an extreme when it comes to obesity, but still likely, and it’s mostly seen in the elderly.

Read More
1029 Words | 5 Pages

As a hole there should be more restaurants that promote healthy food choices. Obesity in the United States is out of proportion and something need to be don , not necessarily at the point of government intersection but this needs to be fix some way somehow. ”public health experts say that an unhealthy diet and the lack of exercise are still the two biggest culprits. ”-Felix gusson.

Read More

More about OA Classification Essay

Related Topics

Open Document