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Reconstruction From 1865 To 1877

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The Reconstruction took place from 1865 to 1877, it followed the American Civil War. The reconstructions purpose was to address the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy and also to solve the problems arising from the readmission of the Union. Reconstruction created new laws and constitutional amendments that changed the criteria of American citizenship. In the South, a politically mobilized black community joined with white allies to bring the Republican Party to power, and with it a redefinition of the responsibilities of government. The national debate over Reconstruction began during the Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln announced his comprehensive plan for Reconstruction, the Ten Percent Plan. Lincoln’s plan was known as the 10% Plan. It was simple. With a few exceptions, Lincoln offered pardons to any Confederate who swore allegiance to the Union and the Constitution.The …show more content…

Three groups made up Southern Republicanism. Carpetbaggers also are known as recent arrivals from the North, were former Union soldiers, teachers, Freedmen’s Bureau agents, and businessmen. The second large group, scalawags, or native-born white Republicans, included some businessmen and planters, but most were nonslaveholding small farmers from the Southern up-country. Loyal to the Union during the Civil War, they saw the Republican Party as a means of keeping Confederates from regaining power in the South. The political revolution of Reconstruction spawned increasingly violent opposition from white Southerners. White supremacist organizations that committed terrorist acts, such as the Ku Klux Klan, targeted local Republican leaders for beatings or assassination. African Americans who asserted their rights in dealings with white employers, teachers, ministers, and others seeking to assist the former slaves also became

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The Presidential Reconstruction and Congressional Reconstruction plans were frequently different from one another. As I continue, I will state in my opinion the most significant differences between the two plans. To begin, Lincoln and Johnson’s plans were far too lenient with the Confederate states. The Presidential Reconstruction plan under Johnson allowed former Confederate states to be part of the Union, when they accepted the 13th amendment and swore to the Union. While, the Congressional Reconstruction plan was to allow those states to rejoin the Union if and only when they accepted the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

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For the century following the Civil War, “...the Reconstruction story had been shaped by successive generations of historians who gave Southern propaganda a gloss of historical authority. These scribes villainized the black politicians and the “Radical Republican” lawmakers who pushed Reconstruction-era reforms through Congress. “Carpetbaggers,” as the Northerners who moved south to work in politics and business were portrayed, became known as corrupt bandits rather than as the dedicated idealists that many of them were” (Murphy 56). Because Reconstruction policy was ultimately ineffective in changing Southern institutions, Southern attitudes towards racial and sectional relations remained unchanged as

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Upon this, the Klu Klux Klan chose to dedicate themselves to a campaign of violence against both black and white Republican leaders and voters. They did this as an effort to change the policies of Radical Reconstruction in the South (“Klu Klux Klan”). They wanted to reinstate white supremacy in the South as to how it was back before the Revolution and before Reconstruction. Other groups, such as the Knights of the White Camelia and the White Brotherhood, joined in on this with the Klu Klux Klan. Due to this dedication by these groups and the KKK, at least ten percent of the black legislators that were elected between 1867 and 1868 were subject to violence due to discrimination.

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Reconstruction is, “the period, generally dated from 1865 to 1877, during which the nation’s laws and Constitution were rewritten to guarantee the basic rights of the former slaves, and biracial governments came to power throughout the defeated Confederacy.” The fall of reconstruction started with the Grant administration scandals caused by grant’s “hands-off style of leadership” which lead to officials in his administration to enrich themselves through illegal schemes. Many republicans began to question the wisdom of maintaining a strong federal role in the affairs of southern states. Northern Whites chose white unity with white southerners rather than black equality.

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Johnson’s plan consisted of amnesty for for all except former military and civil officers of the confederacy and anyone who owned twenty thousand dollars worth of land, all confederate states had to give up the right to secede from the union, abolish slavery, and repudiate any confederate war debts. Lincoln’s plan was to give amnesty to all areas occupied by union armies, a pardon to all except high ranking confederate official, ratify the thirteenth amendment, and that ten percent of a confederate states population had to swear loyalty to the union. Finally, Congress’ plan for reconstruction was that fifty percent of the population had to swear loyalty to the union, only non-confederates could vote for the new state constitution, the Freedman’s Bureau would be instated, The south would be split into five military zones, and the thirteenth amendment had to be ratified.

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