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Human Development And Economic Growth

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Human Development has been recently considered as the ultimate goal of human activity instead of economic development. We can define Human Development as expanding people 's opportunities and Choices to reach a point in which they can live longer, healthier, more educated and fuller lives. Apparently, there is a substantial relation between economic growth (EG) and human development (HD). From one way, economic growth gives the resources to allow perpetual progress in human development. On the other way, improvements in the quality of the labour force (Education, Health) are an essential factors contributing to economic growth. But, while this two-way connection between human development and economic growth may now be widely agreeable, the …show more content…

If the low income families get more income, they spend more on food consumption substantially. Of 38 studies on various countries one-third show that at least 50% of extra income is spent in this way. Practical evidence, for example, for Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, Malaysia, Bolivia, Brazil, Nicaragua, Chile, Côte D 'Ivoire, Ghana, India, and Peru, are also pointing the good effects of family income shift to child Education. Based on this relationship, it is anticipated that if the distribution of income in Brazil were the same as Malaysia 's, school enrolments through poor student would be 40% more than they currently are. While the evidence on the relation between income and health is less extensive, studies in Brazil, Nicaragua, Côte d 'Ivoire and Chile suggest that household income also has a critical effect on the demand for health, some showing a much higher relative response for lower than for high income …show more content…

Since 1980s, the same ratio of GNI has gone to public expenditure (30% in Malawi; 27% in Kenya) but Kenya had much higher social allocation proportion (47% compared to 35%) and social priority proportion (34% compared to 14%) so that the ratio of GDP going directly to HD-enhancing priorities in Kenya was over three times that of Malawi (5.1% compared to 1.5%). The significance of economic growth for rising resources to support human development is illustrated by a comparison between Sudan and Botswana. In 1970 public expenditure on education and health per person was similar in the two states (96USD in 1987 prices in Sudan, and 65USD in Botswana). In the period between 1970 and 1992 expenditure per capita increased more than 7 times in Botswana, while in Sudan it was remaining unchanged. However, by 1992, expenditures in Sudan were less than 25% of that in Botswana (114USD Vs. 466USD). The differences in the public expenditure ratio was not the reason of this, although it was higher in Sudan during the 70s and equal to Botswana 's during the 80s, but comparing to much faster income growth in Botswana, which meant that, with the same share of GNP going to education and health, expenditure would increase much faster

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III. A theory in the work is that political and economic structures failed to provide enough decent opportunities and support to the whole economy. IV. The Author does not present any original research, does use sources to come to conclusions on poverty. The author doesn’t mention the methodology used.

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As the two countries have decreased the death rate of children and mothers, and infectious and non-communicable diseases have become much less than before. The differences between the two systems Economically, Canada and Ghana differ in total revenues and expenditures. Canada is considered one of the developed and high-income countries, while Ghana is one of the developing and low-income African countries. This economic difference is a big challenge for Ghana and it will have much more problems and obstacles than Canada.

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Epidemiologists have known that poverty is interrelated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Recent research has suggested a positive

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This income gap has contributed to the higher rates of poverty and unemployment experienced by African

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539). Taking the cyclical nature of the poverty-ill-health-poverty model into account, it is arduous to recognize where the cycle began and identify the root cause of health inequality. It could be in some cases that preexisting health conditions instigate poverty and as a result initiate the cycle. Alternatively, the cycle could originate from poverty which lead to poor health status stemming from the inability to care for oneself adequately without the necessary resources. Nonetheless, it imperative for health institution to evaluate programs and interventions that can identify and address health disparities regardless of the root

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In David S. Landes book, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, he decides to take a historical approach on the reasons behind why some people remain poor and how others are so rich by trying to comprehend the reasons that lead to advances in economies and modernization in certain regions around the world over the past few decades. In other words by asking how we have come to where we are today in the sense of making, getting and spending. Throughout the book, Landes talks about how we live in a world filled with inequality and diversity therefore leading to classifying those who are poor and unable to afford medical health care living in the North and the wealthy in the South. David S. Landes aim was to basically make people aware of how it is actually geography that is responsible for this division between countries that have caused a lot of hardship for the unprivileged people by making it impossible for them to improve economically as a result of their geographical location on the map.

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Health care payments are the ones that push 100 million people every year to enter into poverty line since they are short of financial protection. Sub Saharan countries in Africa can be considered best examples for these conditions (Anyamele, 2011). Wealth becomes a prominent factor for health as evident from the above example. It is revealed that income and health have a correlation where the changes in one affect the other.

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The cycle of poverty is something discussed in political, medical, education and social circles. The children that are stuck in the cycle often becomes adults that remain in the living conditions and lifestyle of poverty. A few ways that they become trapped is through their poor health and educational opportunities. My thesis statement is, The cycle of poverty continues to plague American children and families, but with some changes focused on health care and education they may be able to escape from the cycle.

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PESTLE The first factor to look at in a PEST analysis is the political aspect. Political issues vary from country to country. Guatemala is one of the countries that embrace the multiparty system with the framework of presidential representative. The president is both the head of state and the head of government.

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However, within developing countries, research has not been able to find any systematic relationship between economic growth and changes in income inequality. In fact, income inequality within developing countries largely appears to be stable over time. In high-income countries, there appears to have been increasing inequality

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In 1980 it was considered a developing country, and now it’s HDI is ranked 16th in the world. Ultimately, if a country doesn’t have a decent education system it creates many problems, and education is lacking in many African countries, thus contributes to it’s

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Through improving agriculture, export businesses, science and technology, Korea was able to improve living standards in all aspects and improve equality between citizens in terms of the Human Development Index, Gini coefficient, and Per Capita Income. This insured that the road for development in Korea was the right path to follow through improving all aspects of the economy. Although government intervention might be viewed as an incorrect way to achieve development, Korea and East Asia were able to achieve miracles in development in both impact and speed of achieving these growth rates. Since South Korea was able to replicate the Japanese model for development, with minor adjustments, this means other countries have the opportunity to achieve massive growth rates with further adjustments to be compatible with both their culture and economic

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INTRODUCTION Economic growth is defined as the increased capacity of an economy to be able to produce goods and services in comparison from one period of time to another. This is figured by the genuine Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and development, and is measured by utilizing genuine terms such as “Balanced Inflation”. These terms help to remove any distorted views on the perceived outcome of inflation on the cost of merchandises produced. Likewise, Economic growth is related to the high expectations in a person’s standard of living. If the standards are high, it wouldn’t be beneficial for the economy as the working class individuals will face a lot of trouble.

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Economic growth and economic development In measuring and identifying the factors that stimulate the growth of the economy of a nation such as the Republic of India, a distinction needs to be made between economic growth and economic development. For a nation to experience economic growth, there must be an increase in the gross domestic product (GDP), which is a qualitative measure of the value of all finished goods and services produced in that country within a period of time. However, economic development which is usually measured through the human development index (HDI), includes not only an increase in the output of goods and services, but an improvement in the welfare of individuals within a country.

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