In the Peloponnesian War, Sparta's main goal was to keep Athens from growing too strong and enslaving the other Greek city-states. Being a military state, Sparta believed in preserving the balance of power and preventing one state from acquiring excessive authority. Additionally, this was consistent with their long-standing rivalry with Athens. Rome, on the other hand, aimed to increase its holdings and take control of the Italian Peninsula and the surrounding areas. Rome was motivated by the need for resources and labor to support its expanding population as well as the desire for conquest and expansion (Bentley et al, 2020).
One of the similarities between Sparta's purpose in the Peloponnesian War and that of Rome against the city-states in Italy and Carthage was the desire to establish dominance over other states. Both Sparta and Rome sought to expand their territories and establish their supremacy over their rivals. Another similarity was the use of military force to achieve their goals. Sparta and Rome both had powerful armies and used them to conquer their enemies and assert their dominance
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Sparta feared the expanding authority of Athens and viewed the conflict as a way to safeguard its own interests. As it sought to cement its supremacy over other nations and territories, Rome, on the other hand, pursued a more aggressive policy of conquest and expansion (Bentley et al, 2020).. Another difference is that Sparta and Rome used different strategies. The vast majority of Sparta's army was made up of hoplites, heavily armed infantrymen who engaged in solid combat. Rome, on the other hand, depended on a more adaptable military approach, deploying a combination of troops, horsemen, and siege weapons to overthrow and defeat its adversaries (History/Mythology,