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Seminole Tribe Research Paper

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He fought the Seminoles in Florida in a war known as the "First Seminole War" in 1817 just seven years before his election into the presidency. The Seminole tribe was the only one of the Five Civilized Tribes to resist the government 's relocation efforts and they did so violently. The Seminole tribe resisted the Removal Act by fighting in the Florida swamps from 1835-1842. (Foner, 304)This war cost the U.S. army 1,500 soldiers, while the Seminoles lost only 500 members of their tribe. Unable to maintain their resistance finally in 1842, the U.S. government imprisoned the Seminoles and forced them to Fort Gibson. Andrew Jackson took revenge on the Native Americans by expressing his aggressive attitude towards them through land policies that
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Having ratified the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821, the United States officially purchased Florida from Spain. Taking control, American officials concluded the Treaty of Moultrie Creek two years later which established a large reservation in central Florida for the Seminoles. By 1827, the majority of the Seminoles had moved to the reservation and Fort King (Ocala) was constructed nearby under the guidance of Colonel Duncan L. Clinch. Though the next five years were largely peaceful, some began to call for the Seminoles to be relocated west of the Mississippi River. This was partially driven by issues revolving around the Seminoles providing sanctuary for escaped slaves.

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During these times of insurrection, white vigilance through terror, torture, and killings increased including bribing African Americans and Indians to do the corrupt work for them. The threat of African Americans aligning with Indians complicated matters for the whites. African Americans among the Indians would achieve freedom easier and would in turn help Indians fortify their defenses against whites who sought a policy of removing Indians west of the Mississippi River. The reluctance of many African Americans to leave Florida or separate from the Seminoles was intensified by their importance as food suppliers to the Indians, and they also had a special attachment to the land they cleared, tilled, and planted crops in Florida for decades that more rights and privileges under Spanish and British rule gave them. Consequently Seminole Indian unwillingness to return to Creek authority control in Oklahoma, from whom they had continuously separated for many decades, were important considerations to resist removal for both African Americans and Seminoles.

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