In ‘An Inspector Calls’ by J.B. Priestley, the actions of the Birling family and Gerald are factors in Eva Smith’s death. Their lack of social responsibility and feelings of superiority cause them to treat those they see as inferior with little thought and compassion. As a socialist, Priestley may have been attempting to comment on the injustice of class systems in the 1900s and the negative impacts of Capitalism on society.
In the first act of the play Sheila is naive and petulant. Her sense of superiority and lack of empathy for the lower class causes her to get Eva Smith fired, claiming that “she was very pretty” and so she “couldn’t feel sorry for her”. This illustrates the deep rooted sexism within society, causing Sheila, a woman herself,
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He tells the Inspector that it’s his “duty to keep labour costs down”. The noun ‘duty’ illustrates the upper class’ twisted view of morality, with Birling believing he is completely right, and even morally correct in, denying his workers adequate pay. This continues throughout the play, with Birling claiming that if they don't “come down hard” on the working classes “they’ll soon be asking for the earth”. This hyperbole demonstrates the extent of Birling’s greed, suggesting that he believes his workers asking for a fair wage is ridiculous and extortionate. The Inspector, a mouthpiece for Priestley and symbol of socialism in the play, responds that “it’s better to ask for the earth than to take it”. This metaphor is a warning to Birling, demonstrating Prietley’s own views on Capitalism and his complete opposition to Birling’s. The Inspector’s, and so Priestley’s, distaste for Birling further emphasise how he believes it is wrong and unjust for the upper classes and capitalist manufacturers to hold so much power. Mr Birling’s actions are seen to be the starting point of Eva Smith’s spiral of bad luck with the Birling family, with his materialism and unsympathetic attitude allowing him to sack Eva and cement his part in her tragic death. This view on how inequality leads to tragedy may have been solidified during Priestley’s time in the army during WWII, where the officers of higher class would send soldiers of lower classes do die on the front lines whilst they themselves remained