Sleep At Night Kant

Kant could be referred to as the great synthesizer, (not the instrument), of empiricist and rationalist philosophies. Kant combined parts/elements of both schools of thought into a more unified philosophy. He asserted that a theory based wholly on the external (empiricism), as well as a theory based entirely on the internal (rationalism), does not permit pure philosophical cognition to be reached or obtained. Pure philosophical cognition is not internal or external to the subject (ourselves), but rather devoid of the subject and of our embodiment, for the moment or instant that we embody – or recognize, absorb, and process-- information it loses its purity. Kant's predecessors had believed/judged the mind to be a passive observer of reality.

Also, causality – the glue of the universe – would be off the table. This is because if we look at our immediate sensory experience we find that it is impossible to see the supposéd metaphysical realities. Even though things like Newton's laws of motion and gravitation which seemed to illustrate, if not confirm, causality at work, were widely accepted, Hume suggested that science could/might simply be a useful custom. Kant's response turned the tables on Hume: asserting that while we Kant derive causality from experience, the fact that we have such a mental framework is absolutely essential. The fact is that we all share these categories of experience (unity, plurality, totality, reality, limitation, negation, substance, causality, community/reciprocity, possibility, existence, necessity), so even if causality does not/cannot exist out in the world itself, what matters is that we all still experience the world in much the same way; the mind makes the world, not the other way around. Raw experience, (or intuition as Kant called it), is what is given to us immediately in consciousness. However, if we only take what is immediately given in experience and disregard/exclude all else, we end up with