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Social Cognitive Theory Case Study

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1.Introduction of the theory-history
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) was started as the Social Learning Theory (SLT) by Albert Bandura in the 1960s.The SCT and SLT may seem to overlap in some ways but both of them based on different assumption.(Queensland University of Technology, 2013).SLT is based on a sociological perspective and SCT a psychological perspective. (Queensland University of Technology, 2013). Social rewards and punishments, vicarious reinforcements and modelling emphasizes by social learning through particular power of learning. Social Cognitive theories build on behavioral theories and it also show that peoples cognitive processes influence and also influenced by behavioral associations. Cognitive theories only allow for …show more content…

Family members, friends and colleagues which involve in social environment .Physical environment is the size of a room, the ambient temperature or the availability of certain foods. Other than that, it also provides the framework for understanding behavior by the environment and situation. (Parraga, 1990). The situation refers to the cognitive or mental representations of the environment that may affect a person’s behavior. The situation is someone perception of the time and physical features and activity (Glanz et al, 2002). There are total three factors which include people, environment and behavior are influence each other. So , environment is not simply result of the person and behavior and behavior also not simply the result of the environment and the …show more content…

Limitation of theory
1. Loosely Structured
This is because social cognitive theory is so major, it has been criticized for insufficient any one unifying principle. So people are viewed as so dynamic that it is difficult to implement the theory in its entirety. Instead, implementation is likely to focus on one or two concepts, such as self-efficacy. (Lee Flamand, n.d.) The theory is loosely organized, based solely on the dynamic interplay between person, behavior, and environment. It is unclear the extent to which each of these factors into actual behavior and if one is more influential than another.
2. Minimizes Emotional Responses
Stephen Pinker (psychologists) have argued that some behavior is the result of emotional responses determined largely by biological factors, which are controlled heavily by evolution, and has little to do with conditioning or observation. For example, jealousy can drive one to behave in a way that is not consistent with one 's normal behavior. (Lee Flamand, n.d.).The theory does not focus on emotion or motivation, other than through reference to past experience. There is minimal attention on these factors.
3. Ignores Biological Differences and Hormonal

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One other biological explanation suggested was the Reinforcement sensitivity theory developed by Jeffrey Gray. The hypothesis was developed by taking the biological level of analysis as a starting point, in contrast to Eysenck, who developed his connection with the biological aspect after the Extraversion - Stability Model was made. Gray's theory proposes that differences in personality originate from variations of sensitivity of inner biological systems of reward and punishment. This theory suggests that individual differences are developed at a young age as we are developing new skills and are encountered with reward or punishment while learning these new skills. In his theory he put forward two forms of "Super Traits" The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) suggesting that the person would be more sensitive to reward when learning new behaviors, and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) signifying that the person would have a greater sensitivity to punishment.

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Although one’s behavior can be the same as others, especially if they are in the same setting, however those who are in two completely different contexts will experience different reactions, just dependent on exactly where they are. Furthermore, this theory demonstrates that once we have been in a specific setting long enough, then that’s when our behaviors will become consistent over time. On the other hand, individuals might experience particular actions because they arrive at a specific setting, with an already preconceived idea of what to expect causing them to alter their behaviors based on their thoughts about the background. Another reason might be that we adjust our responses because we are unsure of how others might view or accept us being in their environments. Either way, individuals might not be aware of it, but once our surroundings change, then our behaviors is changed as

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In his field theory, a ‘field’ is defined as ‘the totality of coexisting facts which are conceived of as mutually interdependent’ (Lewin 1951: 240). Individuals were seen to behave differently according to the way in which tensions between perceptions of the self and of the environment were worked through. The whole psychological field, or ‘life space’, within which people acted, had to be viewed, in order to understand behaviour. (Lewin 1952). Thus, it can be concluded that an individual’s performance is strongly affected by his environment.

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