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Social Learning Theory: Social Cognitive Theory

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Literature Review Social cognitive theory, also known as social learning theory, “a theory of learning that focuses on changes in behaviour that result from observing others” (Bandura 2001 as cited in Eggen,Kauchak, 2013). According to Simons(1994, p.43) Social learning Theory is the view of psychologists who emphasize that behaviour is learned through experiences with the environment and that cognitive factors influence learning. Albert Bandura is the theorist behind this psychological theory. According to a survey conducted in 2002, Bandura was ranked as the third most frequently cited psychologist of all time (Eggen,Kauchak, 2010). Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the roles of beliefs, self-perceptions, and learner expectations (Eggen,Kauchak.2010). …show more content…

Modelling is the core aspect of the social cognitive theory which refers to changes in behavioural, cognitive, and affective processes that occur as a result of observation of another person 's’ actions (Schunk, 2008 as cited in Eggen, Kauchak, 2013.). Modelling comes in three forms; direct, symbolic and synthesized. Through modelling, individuals can learn appropriate behaviours by imitation of someone’s behaviour or thinking, this is known as direct modelling. Symbolic modelling, on the other hand, occurs when individuals’ behaviour such as dress and attitude, are influenced by the behaviours portrayed in technology (television, radio, books e.t.c.). Finally, synthesized modelling takes place when persons combine behaviours observed in different scenarios. For the behaviour mentioned above to take place one must first observe, retain, reproduce the behaviour and one must be motivated to demonstrate the modelled behaviour. According to Simons(1994,p 44) “We observed countless numbers of models engage in many different behaviours including parents, teachers, friends, and people on …show more content…

Miss Dale was absent from class at the time of the incident however, she was informed by Maria. Upon hearing about Michael use of profanity towards Maria, Miss Dale got upset. She quickly gave Michael five strokes in the palms of his hands in front of the class and told him he needed to apologize not only to Maria but to the class as well. Miss Dale explains to Michael that using profanity to express himself is wrong and he should never use it again. Michael apologized to Maria, his class and to his teacher for disrespecting them and promised he would never do it

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Richard Ramirez is without a doubt an individual who plays a role in the social learning theory. Although Ramirez acted alone in his crimes, there is no denying that his cousin’s wisdom and experience was a part of his mental processing. Miguel Ramirez, social learning, and Richard Ramirez are a trio that was inevitable and unavoidable. Richard Ramirez was born in El Paso, Texas on February 29, 1960. He was the youngest of seven children born to Mercedes and Julian Ramirez.

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While watching the film Going on 13, I learned a lot about you. The film showed the struggles that you were experiencing in school, at home, and in your personal life. While watching the film it reminded me of some of the things I have been learning in my Psychology of Women course. Throughout the film I noticed you displayed social learning theory. Social learning theory relates to how environments can teach children about gendered behaviors.

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Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide

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The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development. While rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning. While the behavioral theories of learning suggested that all learning was the result of associations formed by conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment, Bandura 's social learning theory proposed that learning can also occur simply by observing the actions of others (Cherry, K.). In 1961, Bandura conducted his most famous experiment, the Bobo doll study.

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Social Learning theory is a theory that attracts students to get a better and deeper meaning of learning. Bandura has a PhD is clinical psychology and which lead him to create this theory. Bandura found, “the major components of social learning theory [are] attention, retention, motor reproduction, [and] reinforcement.” (McLeod,S 1970) Social learning theory has made a major impact on

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Theory The first theory, I used to inspect my personal that is Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. This theory has advanced the social cognitive perspective of personality. There are few main concepts of this theory include reciprocal determinism, observational learning and modeling, and self-regulation. His theory emphasizes modeling as a way of learning by observing others and criticizes cultures for providing inappropriate models such as aggression.

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The key tenets are five in making the choices on learning. The first one posits that the learning process is not a pure behavioral aspect but a cognitive process that operates within the social context. The implication is that the process is very stable in making the best choices (Ractham, & Chen, 2013). The second tent allows for a learning process that will appreciate the occurrence of observing behavior and the observation allows people to learn about the consequences of the behavior. This defines the vicarious reinforcements that emanate from the observation

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Stage 1 is attention, where somebody has to pay attention to the behaviour of the model to be able to take in a certain amount of how they act. Linking to the case of the child, he must read or watch a lot of Spiderman to be able to recreate what he does so easily. The next step is memory, which says however much of the behaviour is remembered is only what is able to be imitated. So in this case it would be that the child remembers a lot of Spiderman, such as his enemies and his costume to know that he has to imitate them to ‘become’ Spiderman. Stage 3 is the ability of the observer to be able to imitate the actions and behaviour, which is where the downfall to Liam’s game would be expected.

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Third, the child will also have observed the moments of other people’s behavior and will be motivated to imitate the behavior it has been reinforced and avoid imitating the behavior it has seen

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Bandura postulates that we learn by observing others. As an interesting fact about Bandura, I am fascinated to find that he, being such a major psychological theorist, quite accidentally fell into the field of psychology because of the difficulty in scheduling rides with fellow classmates. Ferrari,

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Baumeister and Bushmna (2008) pointed out that norms are expected ideas of behaviors in a particular culture or social group. As mentioned earlier, behavior can be modeled and looking from the perspective of Bandura’s modeling theory (1969), Hearold (1986) explained that media could model behavior. Programs shown on television that contained acts of behaviors will have an effect on the viewer. Likewise, children who are exposed to altruistic or egoistic behaviors, the children will likely imitate the behavior (Bryan & London, 1970). Cialdini (2003) also conducted an experiment asking visitors not to remove petrified woods from a park.

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For the purpose of this paper, the following theories will be applied to explain the causes and consequences of EVD, and predict ways to address the disease: Social Cognitive Theory and Community Organization complemented with health communication. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) addresses interactions between individuals (internal) and their environment (external). Cognition (what we know and think), and our environment influence our choices and actions. Individuals exist within an environment, as part of families, communities or other group; interact with each other, influence their environment and are influenced by the environment. The constructs of SCT are Individual characteristics (Behavioural capability, Expectations and Expectancies,

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An individual models his or her own behavior on the behaviors of others. This is based on observational learning that requires attention, retention, production, and motivation. Attention is to selectively observe the actions of a model. Attention is influenced by characteristics of the modeled behavior (e.g., complexity), the model (e.g., attractiveness similarity), and the observer (e.g., cognitive capabilities).

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Social Cognitive Theory proposes that individuals do not simply respond to environmental influences, but rather they actively seek and interpret information (Nevid, 2009). Individuals “function as contributors to their own motivation, behavior, and development within a network of reciprocally interacting influences” (Bandura, 1999, p. 169). Although Social Cognitive Theory covers many topics such as moral judgment and physiological arousal, research has been primarily focused on self-efficacy, or the beliefs regarding one 's capabilities of successfully completing tasks or goals (Locke & Latham, 2002). According to Bandura (2005), social cognitive theory takes on an agent-like perspective to change, development and adaptation. Bandura describes an agent as someone who intentionally influences one’s functioning and life circumstances; “In this view, people are self-organizing, proactive, self-regulating, and self-reflecting.

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It is really important for professionals who work in helping professions to make sure that whatever they are doing to help their client is the best possible therapy available and are corresponding to the needs of their clients. This semester, I have to work with young adults with autism. Thus, as one of the helping professions, I have to use an empirically supported treatment and have to make sure the therapy that I am using is really working for my clients. In a research paper written by Crooke, Hendrix and Rachman with a title “Measuring the effectiveness of teaching social thinking to children with Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism,” they examine the effectiveness of social thinking program to teach social skills for people with

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