Social learning theory Essays

Effects of Other Individuals Social learning theory is different to Skinner’s Learning Theory. It highlights the importance of cognition. This means we don’t just accidentally learn something, we use our mental processes to choose what we want to learn and what we need to learn. Social learning theory suggests that we learn through a series of modelling, reinforcement and observation of others. Modelling is when you observe the behaviour of other people and then imitate it even if the behaviour is not rewarded.

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura’s (1997) social learning theory states that people learn from their interactions with others. It says that people learn from watching each other or by imitation. There are three types of Bandura’s social learning theory: observational learning, imitation, and behavior modeling (Bruner, 1990; Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). Bandura’s social learning theory says that humans cannot learn for themselves, thus they have to control the variables in their surroundings to influence their own learning (Bandura, 1999).

Introduction of the Theory (History) Social Learning Theory was introduced by Albert Bandura in year 1977 ( McLeod, 2011). Social Learning Theory was mainly talking about how environmental factor influence the social behavior of an individual. An individual will simply observe and imitate the behaviors or actions of nearby people.

Discuss the development of learning theories from behaviorism to humanism. Choose one of the learning theories that you are drawn to and discuss the reasons for you choice. Introduction Learning theory is the process of how is the information been engaged, practice and grow during learning. Learning is defined as the alteration in behavior, in other words, learning is approached as an outcome from the end of some process of the product. Educators who hold the cognitive theory accept as true that the definition is a change of behavior is too constricted.

My first behavior change model is social cognitive theory. From the beginning, social cognitive theory was known as social learning theory by Bandura, then it was broadened into social cognitive theory in 1986. Social cognitive theory states that learning occurs when people interact with each other in a society. Social cognitive theory allows us to use the principles of observation to learn things, in other words, everything that we learn is gained through the observations and the interaction with other people. Our thought and believe affect our behaviors.

The main aim of this essay is to compare and contrast two of the most enlightening theorists that have added a different perspective to the study of personality in the realm of psychology. The paper aims to expound on the two theories by firstly drawing comparison and then elucidating the disparity between the Behaviorist approach by Burrhup Frederic Skinner and the social learning approach to the study of personality by Albert Bandura. The two theorists at first will be explained separately in order to provide a general understand of the two different approaches . However it is important to first start by defining what is meant by the theories of personality.

Social Learning Theory John Riley UMUC Social Learning Theory on Gender Development Explanation The Social Learning Theory (SLT) is most frequently related with Albert Bandura’s works. Bandura was a professor at Stanford who saw boundaries in the learning theory of behaviorism. He incorporated philosophies of the cognitive and behavioral learning theories (Grusec, 1992) as well as created the Social Learning Theory.

A theoretical perspective is a set of assumptions about reality that inform the questions we ask and the kinds of answers we arrive as as a result. In a way, these perspectives can be thought of as a frame, which serves to both include and exclude certain things from our view. The following is a very general outline summarizing the theories: Behaviorism, Social Learning Theory, Information Processing Theory, Constructivism and Sociocultural Theory. The first theory is the Human Behavior Theory - Behaviorism is a view that assumes a learner is responding to environmental stimuli.

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING The Social Learning Theory, also known as observational learning, involves how a learner changes behaviour and obtains knowledge as a result of watching others within their environment. Albert Bandura (1977) considered observational learning as the process that explains the nature of children learning behaviours by watching the behaviour of the people in their environment, and ultimately, imitating them. Observational learning will be applied to demonstrate how in the phonics activity, students act as observers, and the teacher as the model, where imitation of actions create a learning process resulting in the students being able to independently trace the ‘h’ letter shape, ultimately learning through observation.

Boot camps fail as an effective model to treat juvenile offenders because of the belief that the short amount of time spent in these programs can make a long-term difference in their behavior (Mitchell, 1996, p. 129). Even if an inmate graduates successfully from a boot camp, this is no assurance that he or she will reintegrate into society with the same success. It is most likely for juveniles to experience a hard time adapting to an environment without rigid authority and control. In addition, aggressive behavior may be reproduced outside of boot camps. According to the social learning theory, “behavior is acquired through modeling the behavior of others” (Shipley and Arrigo, 2012, p. 408).

HOLLAND’S OCCUPATIONAL SIX PERSONALITY TYPES THEORY According to John Holland, Ph.D., a psychologist who devoted his entire professional life to researching issues related to career choice and also a professor emeritus at Johns Hopkins University, if you can match your job personality type and your work environment; you can improve your success and satisfaction. To put it in a simple word from a job personality standpoint is just like the idea of “birds of the same feather, flock together,” we just need to replace the variable “bird” with “people;” and that people with the same personality type tend to enjoy working with each other. For example, sociable person enjoys working with other sociable people. Same personality type tends to create

In an attempt to understand humans and how they behave psychologists have developed theories that seek to explain this. Social learning theory fathered by Albert Bandura 1971 proposes that humans learn from each other and from their environment. Bandura believes that children learn from adults –models. Similarly Lawrence Kohlberg in his theory on Moral development seeks to prove this very notion. Pre-convention Morality, Conventional Morality and Post- conventional Morality form the bases of Moral Development Theory.

Social Learning Theory Bandura’s social learning theory (1977) is one of the systematic and comprehensive theory for understanding adolescent drug use behaviours. It has a great influence on theoretical development in the field of inquiry and perhaps the most influential of all the learning theories that have continued to dominate research during the past and present years. Bandura’s theoretical foundation suggests the role of cognition in social learning, noting that, children learn a great deal of behaviours through observing, imitating and modelling. According to Bandura (1977), human behaviours are learned through observation, but the magnitude of learning is influenced by the vicarious level of consequences, such as model, imitation, self-reflection, performance and moral conduct.

Learning hypothesis of vocations decision and advising Individuals get their inclinations through an assortment of learning encounters, convictions about themselves and the way of their reality rise through immediate and roundabout instruction encounters. They make a move on the premise of their convictions utilizing learned abilities. From social figuring out how to chance The first hypothesis (Krumboltz et al, 1976, Mitchell and Krumboltz, 1990), known as the social learning hypothesis of vocation choice making (SLTCDM), has as of late been produced into the learning hypothesis of vocations directing (LTCC) (Mitchell and Krumboltz, 1996).

Social-Cognitive Theories One of the characteristics of social-cognitive theories is that the construction of knowledge is built on interactions with people and the world (Bertrand, 2003). These interactions are seen as affecting cognitive development. On the other hand, cognitive theory does not take social interaction into consideration. In social cognitive theory, there is an emphasis on social learning, situated context, interactions among individuals, participation, cooperation and socially shared cognition (Bertrand, 2003). Lave and Wenger (1991) state that participation in social practice is the fundamental form of learning.

Literature Review Social cognitive theory, also known as social learning theory, “a theory of learning that focuses on changes in behaviour that result from observing others” (Bandura 2001 as cited in Eggen,Kauchak, 2013). According to Simons(1994, p.43) Social learning Theory is the view of psychologists who emphasize that behaviour is learned through experiences with the environment and that cognitive factors influence learning. Albert Bandura is the theorist behind this psychological theory. According to a survey conducted in 2002, Bandura was ranked as the third most frequently cited psychologist of all time (Eggen,Kauchak, 2010).

Systems theory Systems theory mainly describes the human behaviour in terms of complex systems. It is based on the idea that an effective system is based on individual needs, rewards, expectations, and attributes of the people living in the system. According to this theory, families, couples, and organization members are directly involved in resolving a problem even if it is an individual issue. System, ecological, and network theory are all traditions in social work that can be identified within the system theory. System theory argues that the whole is something different to the amount of the detached parts.

To begin with, the social learning theory by Albert Bandura (1977) states that humans learn behavior through observing the environment. Meaning that either on purpose or not, a model might be a teacher of behavior by being observed and imitated. But as already said, these models might have an involuntary effect – Bandura states that all what it is needed is for a human to become “student” is to have an interest in certain behavior, be able to reproduce it because if not, there is no motivation to either retain it or want to show off. Children are more likely to fall into imitation because they are learning, forming their intellect and personality and so they focus in their surroundings. The interest to replicate certain behavior can have several reasons but in general it is more likely that children will imitate the people who perceive similar to itself (i.e. same age or sex).

Teacher Efficacy was first conceived by The RAND( Research and Development ) researchers United States, with its theoretical base, grounded in Rotter’s Social Learning Theory (1966).According to them Teacher Efficacy is the extent to which Teachers believed that they could control the reinforcement of their actions, that is, whether control of reinforcement lay within them or in the environment. Student motivation and performance were assumed to be significant reinforces for teaching behaviors. Thus, Teachers with a high level of Efficacy believed that they could control, or at least strongly influence, student achievement and motivation, thus the concept of Teacher Efficacy was originated. Teacher Efficacy has been defined as "the extent to which the Teacher believes he or she has the capacity to affect student performance" (Berman, McLaughlin, Bass, Pauly, & Zellman, 1977, p. 137), or as "Teachers ' belief or conviction that they can influence how well students learn, even those who may be difficult or unmotivated" (Guskey & Passaro, 1994, p. 4).

Development Theory Erik Erikson postulated eight psychosocial stages, an innovation to the five stages development of Dr. Sigmund Freud. Each of the psychosocial stages is marked by a psychosocial crisis that needs to be resolved so that the individual can move on. In these stages especially during the initiative versus guilt stage, Erikson believed that children begin to have the ability to control themselves and now learn to have some influence over others. This stage is the play age of children. Thus, crisis unresolved during this stage will lead children to become compulsively moralistic or overly inhibited (Apruebo, 2008).