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Human Behaviorism, Social Learning Theory, Information Processing Theory

854 Words4 Pages

A theoretical perspective is a set of assumptions about reality that inform the questions we ask and the kinds of answers we arrive as as a result. In a way, these perspectives can be thought of as a frame, which serves to both include and exclude certain things from our view. The following is a very general outline summarizing the theories: Behaviorism, Social Learning Theory, Information Processing Theory, Constructivism and Sociocultural Theory.
The first theory is the Human Behavior Theory - Behaviorism is a view that assumes a learner is responding to environmental stimuli. It is learning that is based on external factors that causes changes in observable behaviors. Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the behavior will happen again. This theory was discovered by a russian physiologist in the 1920s, …show more content…

Sociocultural theory focuses not only how adults and peers influence individual learning, but also, on how cultural beliefs and attitudes influences how instruction and learning take place. Vygotsky theory is children are born with basic biological constraints on their minds. Each culture provides what he referred to as ‘tools of intellectual adaptation.’ These tools allow students to use their basic mental abilities in a way that is adaptive to the culture in they which they live. For example, while one culture might emphasize memory strategies such as note-taking, other cultures might use tools like reminders or rote memorization. Vygotsky placed a greater emphasis on how social factors influence development, he stressed the essential role that social interactions play in cognitive development.
These five theories can be very useful when teaching in the classroom. These theories are an organized set of principles explaining how individuals acquire, retain and recall knowledge. They can be used as guidelines to help select instructional tools to promote

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The Socio Behaviorist Theory

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The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.

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Operant Conditioning: Developed By Behaviorist B. F. Skinner

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There are three core concepts of social learning theory; observation, imitation, and modeling. The first concept is the idea that people learn through observation. Next is the idea that a person’s mental state is important to learning. Finally, learning does not lead to a change in

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Classical Conditioning And Observational Learning Analysis

2548 Words | 11 Pages

Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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Operant Conditioning Paper

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Thorndike’s theory states that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation” (Psychestudy, 2018). In this theory, we learned that behavior can be modified through the use of positive and negative reinforcement or reward and punishment. American psychologist, B. F. Skinner, demonstrated the effectiveness of positive reinforcement through his experiment with the Skinner boxes and hungry rats. Inside the box was a lever and when it was accidentally pressed by the rats as they moved around inside, food would be dispensed into a container beside the lever. The rats then learned that by pressing the lever, they would receive food and would automatically go straight to the lever once put inside the box.

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1929 Words | 8 Pages

Vygotsky (1962, cited in Wilson et al., 2011) explained in his theory of sociocultural theory by arguing that, children build knowledge through social and cultural experiences. Piaget, on the contrary, argued that children gain knowledge through exploration and activities. I observed the teacher demonstrating how to add water to some potted flowers using a small watering can while the child observed. The teacher demonstrated this by interacted with the child using language and hand gestures. The teacher promotes the social interaction through values, customs, belief and language to promote the child’s learning.

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Theories Of Social Learning Theory

820 Words | 4 Pages

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775 Words | 4 Pages

Introduction “Learning is not development; however, properly organized learning results in mental development and sets in motion a variety of developmental processes that would be impossible part from learning. Thus, learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human, psychological functions” (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 90). The Russian psychologist of the early twentieth century, Lev Vygotsky, laid down the foundation for an entire school of thought to later be known as the socio-cultural perspective on human development. Vygotsky differentiated himself from other psychologists of the time by placing an emphasis on societies influence on development and the processes by which development

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Piagetian Theory And Vygotsky's Theory Of Cognitive Development

962 Words | 4 Pages

Conversely, Vygotsky disputed that the culture in which a person lives also plays a substantial part in cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that a child’s cognitive development was stimulated by the interaction of the child and its social environment (Vygotsky, 1987). Vygotsky also believed that children’s use of speech also influenced their cognitive abilities (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Vygotsky stated that language was the basis for cognitive development, including the ability to remember, solve problems, make decisions and formulate plans (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Studies have shown that children who use speech when met with difficult tasks are more focussed and show better improvement in cognitive performance then those who are less talkative (Behrend et al., 1992).

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Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory

2051 Words | 9 Pages

Introduction of the Theory (History) Social Learning Theory was introduced by Albert Bandura in year 1977 ( McLeod, 2011). Social Learning Theory was mainly talking about how environmental factor influence the social behavior of an individual. An individual will simply observe and imitate the behaviors or actions of nearby people.

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Criticism Of Social Learning Theory

1250 Words | 5 Pages

That is, those results are more reasonable and believable. Also, social learning theory highly values person-in-environment, which can more comprehensively analyze human behavior with influence of social environment (Li, 2009). Besides, although the research on social learning theory focused on children, it does not ignore the roles of teachers, parents and elder family members in children’s lives. Actually, this theory encourages them to be a model and engage in children’s behavior learning process while the concepts of this theory is easy to understand.

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Compare And Contrast Operant Conditioning And Classical Conditioning

1404 Words | 6 Pages

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Korean Women Empowerment

1168 Words | 5 Pages

Sociocultural theory is a concept created by Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) a Soviet psychologist who as cited from UNESCO’s webpage believed: social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. Vgotsky believed everything is learned on two levels. First, through interaction with others, and then integrated into the individual’s mental structure. Through out the history, Korean women were taught unconditional loyalty to father, husband and son. The obligatory obedience’s of women to men left very little room for independent growth of females.

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705 Words | 3 Pages

In its most general sense, Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning developing as a result of the ideas and beliefs shared by a group of people who has influenced educators’ view of learning. The term behavioral psychology refers to a psychological approach which principally concerned with stimulus-response activities and emphasizes the role of environmental factors in a learning process, to the exclusion of own free will. There is a tenet of behavioral psychology that “only observable, measurable, an outward behavior is worth investigating” (Bush, 2006, p. 14). Historically speaking, behaviorism was originated in the 1880s and develops gradually in the twentieth-first century and beyond. Skinner and

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1742 Words | 7 Pages

Social and physical environments in the home and the social environment in the classroom impact early childhood development. This paper discusses: the impact of the social environment in the home on early childhood development; the possible negative impact of the physical environment on a preschool child in a Guyanese home; and the impact of a positive social environment in the early childhood classroom. Early childhood development is“a set of concepts, principles, and facts that explain, describe and account for the processes involved in change from immature to mature status and functioning.” (Katz, 1996, p. 7) The physical environment refers to; the nature of the physical home surroundings including its cleanliness; the safety of the home and the security which the home offers.

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1038 Words | 5 Pages

Piaget and Vygotsky provide their distinct differences in their theories; however they share many similarities. These two theorists expanded their beliefs in how they thought a child would progress throughout the years of growing. This brought many different opinions as well as some advantages to each of their theories. Some of the differences between the two theorists are derived from the theoretical experiences and language, culture, and education. Piaget and Vygotsky both shared a common knowledge from either having training or background as biologists.

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