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Sociobiology, Social Learning Theory

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Compare and contrast Sociobiology, Social Learning Theory, Cognitive Development theory, and Symbolic Interaction theories, and feminist approaches to gender-role learning. (MCCCD Competency – 14) What does Sociobiology, Social Learning, Cognitive Development, and Symbolic Interaction theories have in common; and how do they differ from one another in terms of gender roles? While all of these theories have similarities, they are different in many ways in reference to ones attitudes, beliefs, learning, and social interactions; as well as to the way we apply them in the roles to which we associate with (the gender role). Although, each of these theories represent the same concept were one’s behavior comes into play, each of them require …show more content…

Just like in the Social Leaning Theory where each gender is praised, or downgraded for their responses to how they represent themselves in their particular roles. For instance, when a little girl is paying mommy with her favorite dolls everyone thinks it’s adorable; but if a little boy was to play with dolls it was unusual and inappropriate behavior. The comparison between the two ( Sociobiology and Social Learning) is how we look beyond that looking glass by watching others, as well as how we apply what we’ve learned by examination; and travesty. Though, parents do play a significant role in to which we grow and to the influencing of what gender roles we’ll take on; others in our lives will contribute to which roles we continue to undertake as we continue to grow. “The researchers concluded that role model selection can have a positive or negative outcome on a teenager’s psychosocial development (Yancey et al., 2002 as cited in …show more content…

Another words, just like when you’re a young child, mommy goes in for a haircut, and her young daughter what’s to receive the same treatment while getting her hair done too. Boys are no different either, for they want the same experience and values as their brothers, fathers; and grandfathers such as following in their footsteps while becoming just like them. “According to cognitive development theory, children use cues to evaluate the behavior of others as either gender appropriate( “good”) or gender inappropriate (“bad”) (Jones, ASID, IIDA, IDEC and Phyllis Sloan Allen, 2009, pg. 114). Meaning children adapt to the changes to which they go though (adolescence), in order to be accepted by their gender stereotypes in the social world to which they exist. This leads us to the next theory, symbolic interaction, or (social constructed interactionists) where our behavior and expectation are associate with that of using consciously or unconsciously methods. What this means is we interact with others in a way that we are best comfortable, without the interference of feeling inferior by others appealing qualities over our own image to which we value to protect. Just like with our appearance, we strive to look our best in how we dress to impress; while

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Burak defines gender socialization as “the process of interaction through which we learn the gender norms of our culture and acquire a sense of ourselves as feminine, masculine, or even androgynous” (Burack, 1). According to Burack, people of different genders behave differently not due to biological factors, but due to socialization that teaches individuals to behave in a particular way in order to belong to a certain gender. For example, women may tend to be nurturing, not because they are biologically programed to be caretakers, but as a result of society teaching them through toys and media to act as mothers. In this way, gender becomes a performance based on expectations rather than natural behaviors or biology, a phenomenon called “doing

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Richard Ramirez is without a doubt an individual who plays a role in the social learning theory. Although Ramirez acted alone in his crimes, there is no denying that his cousin’s wisdom and experience was a part of his mental processing. Miguel Ramirez, social learning, and Richard Ramirez are a trio that was inevitable and unavoidable. Richard Ramirez was born in El Paso, Texas on February 29, 1960. He was the youngest of seven children born to Mercedes and Julian Ramirez.

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We didn’t want Ariel to think that there are gender roles specific since American culture has become more flexible (Arnett, 2016). Parental influence plays a huge factor in a child’s gender role development. In our society, most parents start their child off with playing with toys that are more gender specific. Also, boys are more likely to have more chores around the house than girls.

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Symbolic interactionism is a micro level theory, study of individual interaction, which focuses on the creation, development, and use of symbols. This theory emphasizes how personal interactions shape one’s behavior. Symbolic interactionism also focuses on one’s social identity, including their self-concept, self-esteem, and the looking-glass self. Self-concept is the known attributes of one’s self. The million of people living in poverty are fully aware that they are living in poverty and have a redefined self-concept that includes being a victim to poverty.

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Growing up, young boys are told that they must be strong. They are expected to be able to fight and to never cry. They are pressured to increase their masculinity throughout their entire lives. To society, being able to achieve and be these things makes a man, while not being able to, practically makes a woman. When the day is over with though, doing these things to children will only hurt them.

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The Impact of Culture and Gender Roles Heather Richardson-Barker Drexel University Society has clearly defined boundaries between what is considered to be male or female. The development of an individual’s gender role is formed by interactions with those in close proximity. Society constantly tells us how we should look, act and live based on gender, as well as the influence of family, friends and the media have a tremendous impact on how these roles are formed and the expected behavior of each gender role. The term Gender, as defined by the United Nations, includes the psychological, social, cultural, and behavioral characteristics associated with being female or male. It further defines acceptable

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While gender roles and stereotypes may seem innocent and almost nonexistent in today’s culture, they are still present and cause a major effect on the current and future generations. They set limits on both boys and girls talents and skills. They try to force men and women into certain job categories. They affect education by telling boys to go to school especially in college and limit girls education, They affect the way a person is raised in the family from their childhood and how they keep themselves by labeling traits and behaviors as female or male. Gender roles limit the dreams of boys and girls alike, such as boys who want to be dancers and designers.

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From the moment of my birth, I was declared a girl and my parents immediately attempted to raise me to be every aspect of my gender, from behavior to beliefs. In sociology, this is known as gender role socialization, which is the process of socializing boys and girls to conform to their assigned genders’ attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, values, and norms. My parents taught me how think and behave like a girl through the way the way they dressed me, how they did my hair, and the toys they allowed me to play with. However, having been raised with a brother, I also picked up on some of his supposed gender roles. I am exactly who I am due to the way I was socialized by my parents and others around me.

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Children and young adults are identifying with gender roles at a young age due to mass media. Children develop within a society that is gender-specific when it comes to social and behavioral norms. These come from the family’s structure, how they play with others and by themselves, and school. Girls were expected to be more passive while boys were to be more aggressive and expressive with masculine behaviors. “Before the age of three, children can differentiate toys typically used by boys or girls and begin to play with children of their own gender in activities identified with that gender.

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Criticism on Social Learning Theory Introduction Social learning theory is a theory related to classical and operant conditioning, which proposed by Albert Bandura in 1977. According to Albert Bandura, people are active agents in learning while they use cognition and social interaction in learning (Rogers, 2010). Albert Bandura considered that people are living in the environment, therefore, human behavior should be studied in social context rather than in laboratory (Bandura, 1977).

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Gender Stereotyping suppresses an individual to believe that they are not perfect and will not be accepted by society unless they follow the societal norms. The most shocking part about gender stereotyping in children, is that adults instill it in them without even realizing they do. Consider a person’s life for example. From the moment he/she born, that one word defines most if not all of their life choices starting with the clothes they wear to the decorations in their room to the toys they play with. “Children develop gender-typed patterns of behavior and preferences as early as age 15 to 36 months” states a psychological viewpoint on gender stereotyping in children.

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Every culture has different guidelines about what is suitable for males and females and family members may socialize babies in gendered ways without consciously following that path. For example, in a modern society, the colour pink is associated with girls and the colour blue with boys. Even as tiny babies, boys and girls are dressed differently according to what is considered ‘appropriate’ to the respective sexes. Even parents who strive to achieve a less ‘gendered’ parenting style unconsciously reinforce gender roles. A family structure acts as the most important agent of gender socialization for children and adolescents as it serves as the centre of a child’s life.

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The article states that, “Chronologically, another important contribution was Maccoby and Jacklin’s (1974) book, The Psychology of Sex Differences. This book presented an unparalleled synthesis of research findings on gender differences in development” (para. 9). It highlights that within-gender differences are often larger than those between the genders (a point still lost in many of the popularized beliefs held today) (Para. 9). This quote explains that the way a girl or a boy looks at the opposite gender, may not be the way the opposite gender looks at itself.

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